The historical emergence of schools was facilitated by the desire of people to explore the world and expand their knowledge. Therefore, a person aspired to communicate with the sages and was eager to learn from them.
History of modern school
The first schools appeared in Rome and Greece. We althy families sent their children to famous philosophers to gain knowledge. However, at first, the training was simply a form of communication: the philosopher had individual conversations with his student, walking along the streets. Later, the sages began to travel around the cities and teach the common people. Here the need arose to unite those wishing to listen to the lectures of the sages into one common group. At first, only oral lessons were held in schools: a conversation on various topics related to the state, spirituality. And only in 300 AD schools began to teach writing.
Thus the first schools appeared. At the same time, training in them took place not indoors, but on the squares, which began to be called gymnasiums.
Stages of school development
There are four main stages in the formation of a school:
- Antique.
- Medieval.
- 17th century, European schools.
- Modern.
In the ancient period, the main focus was on the study of philosophy and religion.
In the medieval - in-depth study of religion. Schools were organized at monasteries, they also studied the Latin language, in which divine services were held. Started learning the basics of writing and reading.
Finishing school at the monastery, the child could become an assistant to the priest. There were secondary schools, in which only children of we althy parents studied. They taught grammar, logic, geometry, arithmetic, astronomy, geography, music.
Corporal punishment was common in the medieval period.
Starting from the 17th century, schools for girls began to open in Europe, where they taught the basics of etiquette, taught dancing, needlework, and paid attention to the study of literature.
20th century school
In the 20th century, schools begin to appear en masse. Primary education becomes compulsory, and later secondary. The educational process is placed in a stricter framework. If in the Ancient World and the Middle Ages the learning process was predominantly individual and varied, and did not have mandatory time frames, then in the schools of the 20th century there is a clear fixation of the time allotted for learning.
Spacious rooms appear - schools equipped with a large number of desks where classes are held:
- Lessons start and end on bell.
- School uniform is being introduced, the same for everyone.
- Portfolios appear.
- The same stationery is used.
School assessment
Knowledge of students is evaluated by the final result: control and independent work, exam, answer in the lesson. During the training, the teacher stimulates and motivates the process of acquiring knowledge. The child should be interested, while being able to take responsibility for their mistakes. The resulting score is used not only to control knowledge, but also has an encouraging or punishing character.
An obligatory criterion that modern schools fulfill is the upbringing of a child. Without education, it is impossible to get a fully developed personality.
The school instills discipline and perseverance, seeks to develop in the child independence, independence, the ability to substantiate his opinion with facts.
Functions of the school in society
The main function of the school is to provide knowledge and ultimately education to students.
However, modern schools not only provide knowledge, but also help children adapt to society, learn to resolve conflict situations, behave correctly in a team, and build friendly relations.
Studying at school, the child prepares for adulthood. He develops and consolidates such qualities as honesty, patriotism, responsibility.
Types of modern schools
There are such models of modern schools:
1. Traditional school.
Teaching is based on a clear work plan, based on whichthere is a distribution of hours for the study of all disciplines. Specific educational material is considered a certain number of hours. The plan indicates the number of examinations and the time for summing up.
The principle of teaching is that the teacher transfers ready-made knowledge to students.
2. Specialized school.
In such schools there is an in-depth study of one or more subjects. This is usually done by allocating more hours to these lessons.
3. School-gymnasium, lyceum.
The educational process is based on the principles of pre-revolutionary education at the academic level. In most cases, the study of the humanities, such as ethics, aesthetics, logic, philosophy, culture, foreign languages, is added to the curricula of such schools. Higher education teachers may be invited to teach some subjects.
However, you need to know that with the emergence of new additional sciences, the number of hours for basic subjects does not decrease, which leads to a greater workload of the child and may affect his nervous system. Therefore, parents should consciously choose modern schools of this level and be sure that the child is psychologically ready for stress, especially in elementary school.
4. Innovative school.
School based on authoring. The training uses specially developed or ordered methods for them.
5. School focused on oneor several new education systems.
Training takes place according to one or more modern methods. This is, for example, the Waldorf School, a school of development according to the method of Montessori, Zaitsev and others.
Waldorf schools are based on the philosophical teachings that the development of the ability to know is the path to human perfection.
6. School of developing type.
This type of school is more adapted to the younger grades. For example, in the lessons of mathematics, drawing, children, together with the teacher, consistently study historical events that led to specific mathematical actions and artistic images. This approach is aimed at developing the foundations of theoretical thinking and creative imagination.
7. Historical and cultural school.
These are schools that study in depth the humanities, while being based on the concept of the dialogue of cultures.
Unusual Kindergarten
Modern schools should contribute to the development of the child's creative abilities, non-standard thinking, openness to learning everything new and unusual. However, before school, the child attends a preschool institution, the direction of which should not contradict the future school.
There are interesting and non-standard modern schools and kindergartens in the world. For example, in Japan, design and architecture are considered to influence the learning process. Therefore, in one of the cities a modern kindergarten was built, or rather a children's village in the form of a large oval building, which includes the entire territory of the institution: a room and a place for walking. In this village600 people study. It is believed that the territory enclosed in an oval stimulates children, running in a circle, to explore the world. The architecture of the building allows children to play on the roof, run, develop their abilities.
There are no walls in the learning groups, children hear each other, it teaches them to ignore the noise and go about their business. The teaching here is based on the Montessori method.
Children's Village is an ideal environment for personal development, the openness of space allows you to feel the taste of freedom, it is easy to develop and strive to explore the world.
"Transparent" school
A school without walls and partitions was built in Denmark. The building looks like one big classroom. Scientists note a high degree of creativity in the thinking of the students of this school, since the training here is non-standard. The absence of partitions forces teachers to find new teaching methods that are built on the latest technology.
When experts compared the final school tests, it became known which modern schools in the world took first places. So, in the first place was Singapore, in the second Hong Kong, then - South Korea. Education in Asian countries puts the figure of a school teacher in the first place, and education is applied in nature, that is, the knowledge gained should be useful and in demand in later life.
Modern school is the school of the future
The school of the future should organically combine the experience of the past and the advanced technologies of today.
The task of the school isto reveal the potential of each student, to bring up a comprehensively developed personality, ready for life in a high-tech, competitive world.
Consider the requirements for a modern school:
- Decent material and technical base.
- Interactive learning.
- Practical application of knowledge.
- Identification and development of student talents.
- Training should be in line with the rapid development of society.
- Support for talented children.
- Teacher self-improvement: the desire for development, the ability to interest students, involve them in the learning process.
- Promotion of a he althy lifestyle.
- Presence of sports and creative clubs.
- Formation of the correct principles of education.
- The exterior and interior of the school should be neat.
- Beautifully landscaped school grounds.
When implementing all the tasks, the problems of the modern school arise. To a large extent, they lie in the lack of logistics.
Conclusion
Since the 21st century is the century of information technology, for quality education, a school needs to have a good technical base: the provision of high-quality computers, multimedia boards and other technological innovations.
Modern schools should release from their walls a well-mannered, confident, independent person, capable of taking responsibility for their actions, having non-standard thinking and a clear idea of theirthe future. Yesterday's student should be able to go to the goal and achieve it.
