Space has always been the space that beckons with its closeness and inaccessibility. Humans are explorers by nature, and curiosity is the progress of civilization both in terms of technology and expansion of self-awareness. The first landing of a man on the moon strengthened the belief that we are capable of interplanetary flights.
Earth Satellite
The Russian name of the cosmic body "Moon" in translation from Proto-Slavic means "bright". It is a natural satellite of our planet and its closest celestial body. The ability to reflect sunlight onto the earth's surface makes the moon the second brightest object in the sky. There are two opinions about the origin of the cosmic body: the first says about the simultaneous occurrence with the Earth, the second says that the satellite was formed in another place, but was subsequently captured by earth's gravity.
The existence of a satellite provokes the appearance of special effects on our planet. For example, by the power ofattraction, the Moon can control water spaces (tides). Due to its size, it takes on some of the meteor attacks, which protects the Earth to some extent.
Initial Research
The first landing of a man on the moon is the result of American curiosity and the country's intention to overtake the USSR in the topical issue of space knowledge. For many millennia, mankind has observed this celestial body. The invention of the telescope by Galileo in 1609 made the visual method of studying the satellite more advanced and accurate. More than one hundred years have passed since then, until people decided to send the first unmanned vehicle to a space body. And one of the first here was precisely Russia. On September 13, 1959, a robotic spacecraft named after the moon landed on the surface of the moon.
The year of the first landing of a man on the moon - 1969. Exactly 10 years later, American astronauts opened up new horizons for the development of civilization. Thanks to more detailed studies, interesting facts about the birth and structure of the satellite were discovered. This, in turn, made it possible to change the hypothesis of the origin of the Earth itself.
American expedition
The Apollo 11 spacecraft began its flight on July 16th. The crew consisted of three astronauts. The purpose of the expedition was the first landing of a man on the moon. The ship flew to the satellite for four days. And already on July 20, the module landed on the territory of the Sea of Tranquility. In the southwestern part of the region, the group stayed for a certain time period: more than 20 hours. The very presence of peoplesurface lasted 2 hours 31 minutes. On July 24, the crew returned to Earth, where they were kept in quarantine for several days: no lunar microorganisms were found on the astronauts.
Neil Armstrong (ship commander) was the first to set foot on the lunar soil, a few minutes later Edwin Aldrin (pilot) stepped out. Michael Collins (another pilot) was waiting for his colleagues in orbit. The astronauts installed the American flag and scientific instruments. So, fixing every second, the first landing of people on the moon was made. The release date is officially entered in the logbook and in the historical chronicles of the whole world: this is the well-known June 21, 1969.
Neil Armstrong
In order for the story of the conquest of the moon to be complete, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the brief biographies of its first explorers. Let's start with the main character of this story - Neil Armstrong. He had a great family: loving parents, younger sister and brother. My father worked as an auditor: all the household members traveled with him around the cities of the state. Only in Wapakoneta (Ohio) did they settle permanently. The boy studied excellently, was a boy scout of the highest rank.
Armstrong's first job was as an Air Force test pilot, he fought in the Korean War. In 1958 he was enrolled in a group of space pilots. As commander, he made his first flight on the Gemini 8 in 1966. He had no spacewalks, except for landing on the moon. In 1970 he visited Russia as part of a NASA delegation. From 1971 to 1979 he workedteacher. Died after a failed bypass operation in 2012.
Edwin Aldrin
Has a Scottish origin. His father served in the US Army as an officer. The son followed in his footsteps and, refusing higher education, entered the Military Academy. The younger sister gave Edwin the nickname Buzz because she couldn't pronounce the word "brother" in full.
Aldrin graduated as a lieutenant and was sent to the Korean War. Here he flew a combat aircraft. Upon returning from the front, he worked as an assistant to the dean of the Air Force Academy, then transferred to the service at the Space Flight Center.
In 1988 (as a pilot) he was sent on a near-orbit flight on the Jenimi-12. On this expedition, Aldrin made his first spacewalk. As part of the Apollo 11 team, he flew on the so-called moon mission. He steps onto the surface of the satellite 20 minutes after the commander and conducts historical photography. In 1971, his NASA career ended.
"Retired Cosmonaut"… This was a big shock for Edwin. Some unofficial sources claim that Aldrin was promised a second visit to the satellite. But he remained the "second" man on the moon. This circumstance had a negative effect on the psyche of the former astronaut, as a result of which he began to drink and became depressed. Since 1970, he began to try himself as a writer. He is the author of several books about space exploration and the conquest of the moon.
Michael Collins
Another important character in the "lunar" story. The first flight with access to space was made by Michael in 1966 on the Dremini-10 spacecraft. During the second expedition, it was he who was waiting for the astronauts on the command module. The astronaut had an order: in case of failure, descend to the surface and record the event.
In addition, he was obliged to help the crew members if they were in a quandary. But his main task sounded like this: despite the circumstances, return the ship to Earth. A crater on the bright side of the Moon is named after Michael Collins.
Stop research
It is believed that flights to the satellite and its active study have been stopped these days, but this is not so. After Armstrong's significant historical step, other Apollos descended on the Moon. Not all expeditions were successful, but fruitful enough for science and technology. There are rumors that aliens are now "in charge" on the moon. Back in 1972 in America, at a meeting of the Senate, there was even a report on interference in space programs by unearthly intelligent forces. Until today, photographic materials periodically seep into the press, where strange lights are recorded on the dark side of the moon.
But not aliens prevent people from exploring the space body. The most plausible version of the termination of flights to the moon is the lack of funding. A breakthrough in astronautics in the 70s of the last century occurred due to the race with the USSR. After a certain victory on the American side, financial investments in the development of flights were sharply reduced. First landing of a man on the moon, datewhich was supposed to be the beginning of a new "space" era, became its end: in fact, people lost the desire to conquer this celestial body. The obsessive rumor that Armstrong and his team had never been to the Moon and that the whole epic was simply skillfully played out also played a role in the termination of flights.
"Lunar" conspiracy
There is a theory that during the "race" with the USSR, all documentation about the landing was forged by the US government. The beginning of the scandal is considered to be the book of the American B. Kaysing, which describes this possibility. Although after the trial it turned out that the work was a natural response to the excitement of rumors in the country.
There are several pieces of evidence to support the theory that landing the first man on the moon is a hoax:
- Poll conducted in 1976 of statistical residents of America.
- A video of astronauts training at an earth base that bears a fantastic resemblance to a video filmed on a satellite.
- Modern image analysis using a photo editor, where inaccurate shadow episodes were revealed.
- The US flag itself. Some scientists were the first to suggest that tissue could not develop in lunar gravity due to the lack of wind.
- There are no stars in the photos "from the Moon".
- Edwin Aldrin refused to swear on the Bible that he went to the surface of a celestial body.
The supporters of the landing found natural explanations for all the accusations. For example, that retouching was applied to photographs in order toimprove the quality for publication, and the ripples on the flag are not from the wind, but from the actions of the astronaut (damped oscillation) who sets the flag. The original record has not been preserved, which means that the fact of the first step on the Earth's satellite will remain a moot point.
In Russia there was an unpleasant incident in the year of the landing on the moon of the first people. The government of the USSR did not consider it necessary to inform the inhabitants of the country about the American event. Although the Russian ambassador was invited, he did not appear at the Apollo 11 launch. He named his business trip on important government business as the reason.
