When entering the first grade, the requirements for a child are quite serious. The last years of the Soviet Union and the first decade of independence were marked by the preservation of the traditions and norms of education from earlier periods. Gradually, there is a need to reform the school curriculum.
Going to school
At the moment, officially, there are no special requirements for the child in terms of skills and abilities when entering the first grade. Nevertheless, almost every school, every children's club has courses for preparing first-graders. In kindergartens, the last year of study is also combined with the period of preparation for schooling. In order to get to a good teacher in the best school, a child must be able to read, write elementary words, add, subtract and reason upon admission. Mastering these skills can be entrusted to teachers, but you can also independently master the necessary preparation with your child.
Math requirements
Billa child already masters at an average of four years. By this age, he is able to count objects and name their number. By the first grade, the child must also add numbers in his mind within ten. Be able to write these numbers and subtract. In addition, the preschooler must know the composition of the number. How to explain the composition of numbers to a child? Actually, it's not that difficult. The composition of a number is at least two numbers, the addition of which will result in the original number. How to explain the composition of a number to a child? To begin with, you should understand this definition yourself.
Composition of number on sticks
How to correctly explain the composition of a number to a child? You can take ordinary counting sticks. They are available at any stationery store. For example, how to explain to a child the composition of the number 5? You need to take five sticks. Preferably one color. From five sticks, put aside one and count the remaining ones. It turns out four sticks and one. Here are four and one - this is the composition of the number five. Next, you should shift another stick to one stick. It turns out three sticks and two. Thus, three and two are also part of the number five. Next, you should shift another stick. It turns out one and four. This is also the composition of the number five.
How to explain the composition of numbers to a child: option two
You can take a piece of paper and a pen. How to explain to the child the composition of the number with their help. Any number should be written on the sheet. For example, seven. You need to write in the middle of the line. From the seven you need to draw two arrows down. Under one write the numbers from one to six. Under the other - the same thing, but in reverse order. You will get two columns with numbers. Opposite the six will be one, opposite the two - five, opposite the three - four and so on. An addition sign must be placed between the numbers. It will clearly become clear that the seven consists of the sum of one and six, the sum of two and five, three and four, and further down the list. In such a simple way, the seven becomes decomposed into two numbers, which together give the original value.
How to explain to a child the composition of a number up to 10?
Very suitable also for explaining the house option. How to explain the composition of numbers to a child using this technique? It is necessary to draw a house on a piece of paper. In the triangular roof, you need to write the number ten. The main part of the building must be divided into two halves vertically. Next, the house must be divided into ten floors. In the left column of the resulting column, you should write numbers from zero to ten, in the right column, respectively, in reverse order. It turns out that on one floor there are zero and ten, on the next - one and nine, then - two and eight, and so on. Such houses are very visual and you can make them for any number up to ten. More is possible, but not advisable.
Houses can be drawn together with the child. You can decorate them or even make an applique. Here, everyone is guided by their own imagination. You can take these images with you to school or prep classes. An interesting option for making a house will be a craft with opening windows. It's a little harder to makebut the child will perceive this method of explanation as an exciting game.
First you need two identical sheets of paper. On one, a house with floors is drawn. In each of them, an opening window is cut out. This sheet with the image of the house should be glued to the second sheet. Here you have to be careful. Windows should not be glued to the second sheet. In each box, write the desired number. Windows can be closed. The child must himself remember the number hidden in the window.
Abacus
Another simple way to explain the composition of numbers is the usual abacus. Now this tool is not very popular. This is due to the high availability of electronic computing tools (calculators). However, they can still be seen in small counter-type shops. There are ten bones on each wire in the abacus. By moving the bones from one side to the other, you can also visually learn the composition of the number ten. On the accounts you can also learn the addition of numbers from one to ten very well.
Domino and buttons
With the help of dominoes, you can explain the composition of the number up to six. You don't have to draw anything, the points have already been drawn. The convenience of this method is that with the help of dominoes, you can begin to explain the composition of the number much earlier than such a need arises. Almost all mothers play children's dominoes with babies. For about five years, you can safely introduce the child not only to the game, but also to the composition of the number.
Another improvised material fordating to the composition of the number are buttons or beads. The advantage of beads is that they look the same. If there are no beads, then you can use ordinary buttons. The principle of dating is the same as with the use of counting sticks. You should buy the same buttons in advance. You can also use what is at hand at home.
What is the composition of a number for?
Besides the fact that the composition is needed for studying at school, it has a very important applied value. With its help, we mentally perform the elementary operations of addition and subtraction. The ability to decompose a number into components allows us to add and subtract within a thousand. Understanding the very principle of decomposition into constituent numbers is very important in everyday life.
There is even an addition table. It can be up to ten, up to twenty and up to a hundred. Such tables are best memorized as a multiplication table. Any simple arithmetic operations are based on the decomposition of a number into its composition. Despite the abundance of calculators in the modern world, the need for mental counting still does not disappear. Sometimes the speed of counting in the mind is ahead of the search and application of a computing tool. And memory training never hurt anyone.
