Communication is one of the main purposes of the language and involves the use of a variety of means from the lexical system. Among the numerous ways of presentation in Russian, those that, according to their functional purpose, belong to the colloquial or book style, are mainly distinguished. The first option is more often used in everyday speech, which is used in an informal setting or in a friendly dialogue to exchange thoughts, feelings and information. It uses colloquial vocabulary, which is characterized by simplicity, semantic capacity and freedom of expression, giving liveliness and color to phrases.
Colloquial vocabulary has developed in the urban environment, so it is devoid of dialectical features and differs significantly from the book language. It can be found both orally and in writing in the form of letters and notes. This vocabulary uses statements and phrases that have an emotionally expressive coloring (ironic, affectionate, familiar, disapproving, etc.). It also restricts the use of abstract, foreign words andterminology. Conversational functional style of speech is characterized by common and neutral phrases (house, weather, time). Suffixes of subjective assessment with an exaggerated or diminutive meaning are widely used (sun,
coldina, sweetie, dirt), with a colloquial connotation: - to - (candle, stove), - yaga (poor fellow, hard worker), - yatina (nudyatina, vulgarity), - sha (watchman, doctor). In addition, colloquial vocabulary forms adjectives and verbs of evaluative meaning (fat, eared, big-eyed, talk, play up, get he althy, play pranks, etc.). For greater expressiveness, doubling of words is used (good-very good, very-very, very-very strong, etc.).
The next way of presentation is the book style. It includes several functional varieties: scientific, journalistic, artistic and official business. Each of them has its own speech features, due to which there are types of vocabulary with the same name. They obey the established norms of the language, correspond to a certain grammatical design and are not subject to deviation. For example, in official business and scientific texts, it is unacceptable to use elements and inclusions from other styles, because they are characterized only by clarity, accuracy and logical consistency. In some cases, colloquial vocabulary can be used in book style, especially in artistic genre, where it is required to give the text greater emotionality and ease(work hard, in the evening, fool around, fool around, etc.). As a rule, such words go beyond literary speech, and their use must be justified by specific stylistic goals, because otherwise they contribute to clogging the language. Quite often, colloquial words are also used in journalism in order to somewhat enliven and decorate the text.
