Our speech is incredibly diverse and rich. Someone writes: “Hello, how are you?”, And someone: “It's great, well, how is life young?”. Someone in speech tries to use neutral words, and someone, without hesitation, uses colloquial vocabulary. But what is it? Colloquial and colloquial vocabulary are a large layer of the vocabulary of the Russian language. What it consists of, how it is formed, how it differs from stylistically neutral or bookish, you will learn from this article using simple and understandable examples.
What is colloquial and colloquial vocabulary? Examples of colloquial words
The vocabulary of colloquial style includes words that give speech a free character. Compared to the literary language, it is considered stylistically reduced.
Colloquial vocabulary - words with a stylistically reduced connotation.
mug, here, muzzle, obtuse, svenovsky, shipper, decree, granny, nonsense, carrion, like, gopnik, reptile, dike, butch.
Emotional coloring of colloquial vocabulary
Have you ever noticed how expressive our speech is? Have you ever wondered why there is so much imagery in it? The emotionality of a large number of colloquial words is created by the portability of their meanings: vinaigrette (mixing of heterogeneous concepts), stick (persistently stick with something), kennel (cramped, dirty room), tower (tall man), battle (noisy quarrel), dragonfly (mobile girl, girl).
But not all colloquial expressions can express an emotional assessment. Words of colloquial speech do not have this ability: hug, usher, really, come home, come here, personnel officer, soda, not put on, renew, smoke break, instantly, get scared, like, carpentry, etc.
What is colloquial vocabulary? Her types
It is important to understand that some phrases that are often used in our speech are not colloquial. For example, the word "mom" is not colloquial, but stylistically neutral, unlike its other form - "mother". How to distinguish them? Neutral vocabulary does not seem "foreign" in book styles.
Several groups can be distinguished among colloquial vocabulary:
- Slang.
- Argo vocabulary.
- Neologisms.
- Professional words.
- Slang.
- Dialectisms.
Slang vocabulary (slang) - vocabulary used by a narrow circlepersons united by something. Examples of colloquial words in jargon: gerych (heroin), birthday (birthday), chocolate (in a good relationship), bodyaga (long, tedious conversation), paddle (spoon), lave (money), golimy (stupid), nishtyak (fine), hamster (browser homepage).
Vocabulary slang (argotisms) - words or expressions of a closed group of people. This section of the vocabulary was formed thanks to prison or camp conversations, the information in which they tried to classify as much as possible. Examples of colloquial and colloquial words among argotisms: blot (thieves), tramp (correct criminal), guard / cyric (detention center employee), wolf ticket (certificate of release), load (testify), drek (nonsense, something worthless), sting/sharpening (face), rat (stealing from his own), malyava (note), murk (concepts), lean back (free yourself).
Neologisms are expressions created to describe new phenomena, most often borrowed. Due to the large abundance of new expressions, neologisms soon lose their status and become part of an active vocabulary. Examples of colloquial words: hype (hype), trash (something terrible), demisexual (a person who can only enter into a relationship with someone who is close to him), riter (writer), harassment (harassment, threats, harassment).
Professionalisms - vocabulary used only in certain professions. Examples of colloquial words: blunder (typo), bagel (steering wheel), saucepan (synchrophasotron), stick (fluorography), cargo-200 (killed soldiers), film(ECG), tube (tuberculosis), physio (saline).
Slang - words and expressions used by people of certain professions or age groups. Examples: tap/stipukha (scholarship), dorm (dormitory), tails (academic debts), shipper/pair (imagining someone as a couple, it doesn't matter if they are a real couple), crash (object of adoration), stanit/fanate (love some famous person, be a fan), academy (academic leave), spurs (crib sheets), clave (keyboard), DR (birthday).
Dialectisms are phrases whose scope of use is limited to a certain territory. Examples of colloquial words among dialectisms: balyak / gutarit (talk), beetroot (beetroot), kochet (rooster), zenki (eyes), shaberka (neighbor), popelitsa (ashes), dezhka (wooden barrel), base (yard), kryga (floe), gomonok (purse).
Derivation
But colloquial vocabulary is replenished not only thanks to new expressions or new figurative meanings. Often, old words from book speech easily turn into colloquial ones due to various ways of merging phrases: sliders, homeless child, microwave, smoking room, mobile phone; abbreviations: IMHO (I have an opinion, I want to voice it), BUR (high-security barrack); and morphemic units:
- Suffix -yag- tramp, goner, dude, hard worker.
- Suffix -hedgehog- hubbub, whining, cramming.
- Confix in-_-once slowly, slowly.
- Suffix -isch- bag, tooth, cat.
- Various diminutive suffixes -k-, -ek-, -ik-,-ok- son, fungus, baby.
Conclusion
Now you know what colloquial vocabulary is, you have seen examples of it. After reading, try to follow your speech: do you use these phrases a lot? The fewer of them in your speech, the better. But these words cannot be completely excluded from your vocabulary. Otherwise, how can you convince a bully you met somewhere in the alley that your phone and wallet will not be useful to him in any way?
