How often we, as adults, think that the chosen profession is not exactly what we would like to do. That is why we so want our children to choose a field of activity for which they have an inclination, and a profession that will bring them joy. Fortunately, today there are techniques that allow you to identify the inclinations of a teenager and help him with the choice of professional activities in the future. One of them is the Klimov method. Its developer and features will be discussed in this article.
Start
The author of the methodology for determining the future profession is Evgeny Alexandrovich Klimov (1930-2014). Having started working at the age of 14 as a mechanic at a factory, he ended his career as a recognized psychologist, doctor of psychological sciences, professor and academician of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the Soviet Union.
Klimov E. A. was the leading methodologist for updating the theoretical and practical base of professional training in the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation.
In the last years of his life, Professor Klimov worked at the Faculty of Psychology of Moscow State University, led the project "Professions of Moscow University", within which professional information was collected on more than 200 professions. 30 specialization options were allocated only to the profession of psychologist.
Author of 30 textbooks and more than 320 monographs, Evgeny Aleksandrovich was the first president of the Russian Psychological Society, founded in 1994 and uniting all highly professional psychologists in our country.
Klimov's method of determining the type of future profession (graphically expressed by a pyramid, in the illustration below) allows teenagers to get acquainted with the classification of professions (of which there are more than 40,000 today), determine their own preferences and navigate in the choice of employment and the business that will not be easy a job, but a vocation.
"Map" of professions: the first tier
In accordance with the methodology of professions E. A. Klimov, according to the object of labor, there are five types of professional activity:
- Man is technology. This cluster includes professions that are associated with the production, maintenance, design of equipment (from a hammer to space rockets). For example, a pilot, mechanic, engineer. These professions require a practical mindset, precision,he alth.
- Man is man. In this cluster of professions, the main thing is the effective interaction of people, because the subject of labor is people. These are professions that have a high social status and require patience, exactingness and the ability to control one's emotions. Important personal qualities of people in these professions are an increased need for communication and a low level of aggression. For example, doctors and medical staff, teachers and service workers.
- Man is a sign. The subject of labor of the professions of this cluster is a sign system, information in its graphical expression. For example, an economist, linguist, programmer. A professional worker is required to combine the ability to abstract from the real properties of objects with the ability to imagine and understand the real phenomena behind dry numbers. People in this profession require rational thinking, exceptional memory and sustained attention.
Tiers are more abstract
- Man is nature. From the name itself, it is clear that in this cluster there are professions according to the Klimov method, in which the main thing is not contemplative, but active and practical love for natural objects (living and inanimate). For example, a veterinarian, geologist, agronomist, ecologist or hunter. To become a successful professional in this field, you need to be strong, hardy, patient, caring person.
- Man is an artistic image. This type of profession according to Klimov's method is the sphere of fine arts, music, literature,acting skills. These are creative professions where having special abilities (talent) is a necessity.
Rarely a profession corresponds to only one of the listed clusters. But besides the subject of the application of efforts, there are also goals that we strive for.
Second tier: goals
According to Klimov's method of determining the types of professions, labor has three types of goals:
- Gnostic (cognitive). In any cluster of the first tier there are professions designed to learn: to classify, compare, evaluate and verify. For example, a laboratory biologist, test pilot, proofreader, sociologist, theater critic. The desire for knowledge, steady attention and observation, memory, developed thinking and responsibility are important personal characteristics for these professions.
- Transformative goals. These professions are associated with changes and the achievement of the final result (instant or delayed). For example, teacher, builder, accountant, artist.
- Research goals, in accordance with Klimov's methodology, for professions whose purpose of labor is to search for the new and the unknown. This is a programmer, and a designer, and a constructor, and a biologist-researcher.
The third step of the pyramid
The third step is the characteristics of professions in accordance with the main means of labor. Here, in accordance with the methodology for determining the types of professions of Klimov, four departments are distinguished:
- Р - professions wheremanual labor is used (laboratory assistant, locksmith, paramedic).
- M - professions where the means of labor are manual mechanisms (driver, pilot, turner).
- A - professions where automatic systems are used (machine operator with software, system administrator).
- Ф – professions dominated by invisible functional (psychological) means of labor (acrobat, conductor).
Last tier
The fourth step of the Klimov pyramid classifies professions according to working conditions. It is clear that each profession requires certain conditions - whether it be an office or outer space.
At this tier of the classification of professions according to the Klimov method, the following groups of working conditions are distinguished:
- B - normal conditions (household microclimate). Laboratory assistants, accountants, scientists work in such conditions.
- O – outdoor work (fitter, geologist, traffic cop).
- N - unusual working conditions - under or above the ground, at extreme temperatures (cosmonaut and submariner, miner and fireman).
- M - work with increased moral responsibility for the he alth and well-being of people (teacher, doctor, judge) and for material values (security guard, military man).
Profession formula
Using the described Klimov technique, any profession can be expressed as a four-letter formula (picture below).
Formulas are used for ease of understanding and for a more complete understanding of the main and secondarysigns of a profession, because you need to choose 1 letter from each tier of the classification of professions according to Klimov.
Klimov DDO Methodology
Differential diagnostic questionnaire developed by E. A. Klimov, includes 20 pairs with proposed activities, from which the subject must choose one.
The questionnaire is available on the Internet and can be used to determine the type of profession for which the subject has an inclination.
Poll time should not exceed 30 minutes. It is recommended to answer questions quickly, without thinking for a long time. You can use the differential diagnostic questionnaire individually and in a group of subjects.
These surveys can be conducted in general education schools from the 9th grade. They are aimed at vocational guidance of young people and allow the subjects to learn personal characteristics, identify interests and inclinations.
Summarize
Choosing a profession that will bring moral satisfaction and meet needs is one of the most important decisions in a person's life.
Young people often do not have sufficient knowledge about the characteristics of different types of professional activities and do not take into account their personal characteristics, interests and inclinations.
The methodology for determining professional preferences, developed by Professor Evgeny Alexandrovich Klimov, in a friendly, relaxed and benevolent atmosphere allows young people to take a fresh look at the issues of professional self-determination.
But a person, by definition, works to live, not lives to work.
