What is a dynamic model? Let's try to identify its features, give examples of such systems.
Classification of models
There are certain features that distinguish different types of dynamic models.
Depending on the stages of modeling, there are:
- cognitive - assuming the mental appearance of an object;
- meaningful - implying obtaining information, as well as identifying patterns and relationships (description, explanation);
- formal - consisting of mathematical patterns and algorithms that describe and simulate real processes and objects;
- conceptual - created on a visual or verbal level, associated with structural-functional, causal models.
Means of implementation
Characteristics of dynamic models involves taking into account the means used to implement the model. With the help of material resources, the main geometric, dynamic, physical, functional characteristics of the analyzed object are reproduced. As a special case, physical variants are considered, whichare of a similar nature to the object selected for the modeling process.
Theoretical construction can be ideal, based on logical, graphic, mathematical symbolic schemes.
Mathematical Model Division
There is their division into analytical, involving the description of properties and relationships through the use of functions. Simulation options are based on multiple studies, in particular, procedures and algorithms that describe the process of working capacity of the analyzed system.
Division by display option
There are three main types of models for this parameter.
Heuristic are those images that arise in the human imagination. To fully describe them, natural language words are used. For example, an information verbal model can be attributed to this type. The description does not involve the use of mathematical or formal-logical expressions.
It is heuristic modeling that is the main means of going beyond the boundaries of established ideas about certain events and phenomena.
Such a dynamic model is necessary for the initial stage of design, when there is no complete information about the analyzed phenomenon or object. Further, this model is changed to precise and specific options.
Full-scale models are variants characterized by a complete analogy with the real system. The difference exists only in size, as well as in the material used forcreating a full-scale model.
The dynamic model can be expressed mathematically. In this case, the use of formal-logical expressions is assumed. Mental, social, economic phenomena and processes can be described in this way.
Mathematical models are considered inexpensive and versatile options that can be used to conduct "pure" experiments for a specific problem. It is the mathematical dynamic model that is the basis for the use of computer and computer technology. The results obtained in the course of mathematical modeling are compared with the figures obtained in physical modeling.
Intermediate modeling options
Any dynamic system can be described by intermediate options. The graphical model is an average between mathematical and heuristic options. Such models can be expressed in diagrams, graphs, sketches, drawings, graphs.
Analog options allow you to research the same phenomena or mathematical expressions by creating analog objects.
A dynamic system is selected depending on the nature and amount of information about it, as well as on the capabilities of the analyst himself.
A static model is a one-time slice of information on the phenomenon or object being studied, which is built up for a certain period of time. Such a model is built according to accounting documents, considering monthly losses or profits.
When using a dynamic model, you can analyze the changes that occur to an object over a certain period of time.
Features of information systems
How can dynamic models be used? Examples of these types are financial indicators taken over several years, which can be used to predict the profits of an enterprise.
Among the popular types of information models, three varieties are used: composition model, "black box", structural version.
"Black box" is a system that is something whole, taken from the outside world. The environment and systems are connected to each other through the exchange of output and input parameters. Living organisms can be considered an example of such dynamic systems.
The "black box" model is the simplest display of a specific system, in which there is no information about the internal content, there are only output and input connections with the external environment. The boundaries between the environment and such a system are conditional. A similar model is used in cases where there is no information about the internal content of the system. For example, instructions for using a washing machine, tape recorder contain a detailed description of the connection, adjustment of operation, and the result of using the device. This information is enough for an ordinary user, but not enough for a master servicing such equipment.
An example of such a dynamic system is the analysis of accounting reporting documents.
Conclusion
There are many options for describing dynamic systems. For successful process control, it is important to correctly model and analyze the state of the system. The choice of a specific description depends on the availability of preliminary information, the ability to obtain additional information about the process, the possibility of its development, the initial purpose of the simulation.
The selection of a dynamic model is determined by the peculiarity of the process under study. If in science the main goal of the simulation is the possibility of a detailed study of the essence of the process, then in technology it means the search for the optimal option for controlling the operation of the device, identifying minimal losses. Dynamic systems involve the use of mathematical symbols, signs, laws to obtain reliable and timely results.
