Today in the Russian Federation there is a two-level higher education, at the end of the first stage a person teaches a bachelor's degree, the second - a master's degree. Single-level education with the qualification "specialist" is retained only in a small number of speci alties. Bachelor's degree is the basic level, and the study takes place over four years. Upon completion, a person is awarded a bachelor's degree, which indicates that he has a higher education.
The principle of this level of education is practice-oriented learning. The student receives fundamental knowledge in the direction defined as the main one and basic knowledge from other disciplines included in the program. Receiving a bachelor's degree, a graduate acquires the right to occupy positions where higher professional education is required. Having such a diploma, a person gets the right to continue education up to a master's degree.
The transition to a two-tier system is associated with joining the Bologna process, the purpose of which is to create a single educational space in Europe,expanding the accessibility of higher education, improving its quality. The accession of our country to the Bologna process gives domestic universities additional opportunities to participate in new projects, and teachers and students - in exchange programs with educational institutions in Europe.
In addition, such a higher education corresponds to the modern pace of technology renewal, in which the training of narrow specialists in five or six years becomes uncompetitive and inappropriate. There is a high risk that over such a period the technology will change so much that the graduate will have a specialization that is no longer necessary for the economy. A bachelor's degree makes it possible, after graduating, to look around and choose the right specialization that meets the requirements of the labor market that prevailed at that time.
At the same time, everyone needs to understand that, according to world standards, a bachelor's degree is a full-fledged higher education. The basis of it is training in a certain profile of training, which is a system of organization of education that provides in-depth study of disciplines in the profile. At this time, a basis is created for further education, depending on the life plans of a person. The choice of profile is an important personal decision of the applicant; it provides an opportunity to gain knowledge and skills in special disciplines after completing the study of professional disciplines. At the same time, the student has time to understand what abilities he has and what will be best for his subsequent career and life in general.
To be fair, it should be noted that for some time a bachelor's degree in Russia will still be perceived as not quite a complete higher education. But this is just a stereotype associated with a transitional period and a slight downplaying of the importance of a diploma of higher education in general. But the training system itself has nothing to do with it, the reason for this is a large number of dubious universities that proliferated in the 90s.
