Let's analyze the main types of courts in the Russian Federation that currently exist. The entire judicial system of our country is established on the basis of the Constitution of the country, the Federal constitutional law relating to this area of legislation. In our country, the system is given special attention. In order not to put pressure on its representatives, their work was honest and open, there is a special program for the protection of refereeing.
On the unity of the judiciary
To do this, all justices of the peace and federal judges comply with the rules of production established by the Federal Law. All types of courts in the Russian Federation use in their work constitutional, federal laws, international treaties of the Russian Federation, other documents that exist in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The status of judges is fixed by legislative acts, funding is provided by federal funds.
Let's consider the main types of higher courts of the Russian Federation, their features. Let's analyze the main areas of activity of various types of the system, the features of their financing.
Functional Purpose
Considering the types of courts in the Russian Federation, let's focus on the structure of general jurisdiction. They include such a court that considers issues in criminal, civil cases, administrative offenses. What typesships in the Russian Federation belong to this category? These are republican, regional, regional. They include the Moscow, Sevastopol, St. Petersburg city (district) courts, as well as the military.
Federal courts
Let's give the main types of federal courts of the Russian Federation. The concept of the legislative system provides for the creation of juvenile, administrative, and migration courts. In order to automate their work, the system of the Russian Federation "Justice" is functioning.
The courts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation belong to the middle level. They are recognized as higher and appellate instances for district courts operating in the regions of the Russian Federation. It is here that plaintiffs file a complaint if they disagree with the decision of the judge.
District Court
He is considered in our country as a link between the courts of general jurisdiction. It is in it that cases are considered at the primary instance, and it also performs an appeal function against magistrates who operate in the territory of a certain judicial district.
Here, more difficult cases are considered than in magistrates' courts. They are formed in strict accordance with the main federal legislation. If a district court is formed on the territory of several administrative-territorial entities, it is called an inter-district court. Professional judges work in the district court. Their number is determined by the number of claims filed. Currently, far from all judicial districtsactivities of magistrates. As a result, the duties of the district courts include the consideration of cases that are within the competence of the justice of the peace. In this case, you can appeal against decisions in such cases to the appellate instance.
Included in the jurisdiction of the district authorities and the solution of all issues related to pre-trial proceedings. They decide on the choice of the following preventive measures:
- house arrest;
- cash deposit;
- fixed-term detention;
- conducting investigative actions (seizure, search, arrest for postal items, recording telephone conversations).
District judges also carry out post-trial proceedings. They consider cases concerning the verification of the authenticity of documents, the fairness and validity of sentencing, the issuance of a court order to the recoverer.
Judging by the volume of actions that the district courts perform, we can confidently say that these are middle-level instances. Any civil cases are within their competence, regardless of the value of the claim. The only exceptions are those that are subordinate to the military courts, as well as the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.
Basically, civil cases are considered at the place of permanent residence of the defendant or at the address of the actual registration of the legal entity. Sometimes jurisdiction is connected with the choice of the plaintiff. Currently, such instances deal with disputes relating to housing, family, land, labor relations, administrative offenses, complaints from citizens about violations of their rights andfree.
World judging
Until such an instance existed, cases were considered by district judges. According to Federal Law No. 137 of 2002, justices of the peace appeared on the territory of the Russian Federation. They single-handedly consider those cases that fall within their competence under the Federal Law. Cases are being considered at first instance:
- criminal cases involving crimes punishable by up to three years in prison;
- dissolution of marriage, in the absence of disputes between spouses related to children;
- questions about issuing a writ;
- establishment of paternity, deprivation of parental rights, adoption (adoption);
- property issues with a claim value of up to fifty thousand rubles.
District (military) courts
Let's continue consideration of the question: "Types of courts in the Russian Federation and their characteristics." Separately, it is worth considering the military courts that function in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, are included in the country's unified judicial system. They used to be called military tribunals. This system assumes its own classification. Allocate the highest level (military collegium), as well as primary courts. They deal with civil disputes between military personnel, military offenses.
Arbitration courts
Let's analyze the main types of arbitration courts of the Russian Federation. Their main task is to resolve economic disputes arising between legal entities from administrative, civil,other types of legal relations. Appellate arbitration courts function as part of the presidium, the judicial chamber for the elimination of disputes related to civil and other offenses, as well as the judicial chamber for considering disputes relating to administrative offenses. Its powers include checking the legality and validity of judicial acts that have not entered into force. It is this instance that reviews judicial acts, according to which new circumstances have been discovered.
Constitutional Court
What types of Constitutional Courts of the Russian Federation are currently functioning? It is a judicial body that exercises, through special judiciary, an independent and independent judiciary. The order of formation, powers, algorithm of activity of this instance is determined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The financial support of its activities is carried out at the expense of the federal budget.
Conclusion
The judicial system that currently exists on the territory of the Russian Federation is a well-thought-out structure in which each individual link has its own functional purpose. With the well-coordinated work of all components of the judicial structure, civil and other types of disputes are considered within the time limits established by Russian law. If the plaintiff disagrees with the decision made by the judge, he has the right to appeal to a higher court.
