The main styles of speech in the Russian language are distinguished from its many varieties and consist of a colloquial presentation and a book (literary) one. The first is usually used orally, and the second - more often in writing, it also contains official business, scientific, journalistic and artistic speech. In the modern sense, the word "style" means the quality of the written, that is, the ability to express their thoughts in different ways, using a variety of linguistic means.
As a result, speech styles in Russian are not similar to each other. So, let's look at what each style of presentation is.
Conversational style is used in a relaxed and informal setting for everyday communication in the family, at work or in a friendly conversation in the form of a dialogue. There is an exchange of information, thoughts, feelings about ordinary everyday issues. It is characterized by emotionality, gestures and imagery. The words used are simple, neutral, often familiar and endearing. Phraseological units are sometimes inserted (for example, “two inches from the pot”). Next, we will analyze the styles of speech in Russian,which belong to the literary type.
The scientific genre is used in scientific reports, journals, articles and dissertations to present and explain certain facts. Here professional and terminological vocabulary is used in strict logical sequence and objectivity. Another important feature of this species is accuracy. It is worth noting that in the scientific style there are also popular science (for a mass audience) and scientific and educational (for educational institutions) subspecies, which differ in the complexity of perception.
Official business style can be found in the field of legislation, administrative and legal activities, etc. It is presented in the form of laws, diplomatic documents, certificates, instructions and other business papers written in standard business vocabulary with established turns. All information here must be presented accurately and not allow double interpretation. Formal business and scientific styles of speech in Russian are informative and have a dry and concise content.
The journalistic method is used in socio-political literature (newspapers, reports, speeches on TV, radio, etc.). Its purpose is to convey socially significant information to influence the audience by persuading or suggesting certain ideas and inducing it to take some action. It is characterized by appeal, logic, imagery and emotionality.
Artistic style is different from all the othersimagery and the use of a variety of figurative and expressive methods. All styles of speech in Russian, examples of which are often found in our daily life, are used in artistic presentation. However, here they obey an aesthetic function and create a poetic image. Besides the listed styles, there are also functional types of speech that determine the semantic content of the text (narration, description and reasoning), but this is a topic for another article.
