Modern education system involves independent processing of a large amount of material. In this regard, students, and even schoolchildren, have to make notes not only of lectures, but also of textbooks, monographs and articles. The correct approach to compiling a summary helps not only to acquire knowledge, but significantly save time on writing it. The most effective is currently considered to be the basic abstract.
Definition
Abstract is a brief record or presentation of this or that information. The most common are lecture notes, books or articles. The presentation of information in this form is a systematic, coherent record of the source material.
The reference abstract was developed in the 1980s by VF Shatalov, a teacher of physics and mathematics. Since then, this method has become widespread and is used in the study of not only exact,but also the humanities.
The basic definition says: a reference abstract is a certain system of reference signals, which include elements such as drawings, drawings, cryptograms, and contain the basic information necessary for memorization.
Basic drafting requirements
When compiling a basic abstract, the following requirements must be observed:
- Respect the completeness of the presentation of information. Important keywords should not be omitted from the material.
- Present data concisely and consistently.
- Structify entries. The ease of perception of information depends on how simple and clear the structure is.
- Characterize with a variety of design options - frames, fonts, colors, charts and diagrams.
- Use abbreviations and conventions when recording. It is necessary to use generally accepted abbreviations and designations, the most complex ones should be placed on the fields with decoding.
Compilation plan
We offer the most simple instructions. It can also be used for taking notes of any kind and type, excluding memory cards:
- Write the name of the topic on which the abstract is being drawn up.
- Read the material and choose the main one.
- Define keywords and concepts that reflect the essence of the topic. Select subtopics.
- Choose the main conventions used in writing this abstract.
- Draw a draft outline. Sometimesjust draw a diagram, indicating the structure of the future plan on it.
- Think about the easiest way to organize your data - flowcharts, plan, diagrams.
- Divide the material into blocks and design according to your chosen methods.
- Finish the resulting abstract with colored markers and pens, underline the main thing, put question marks or exclamation marks near controversial or important points.
- Bring out the main abbreviations and their decoding in the margins. If necessary, indicate issues that require further elaboration.
Benefits
This method eliminates the mechanical recording of material, without its pre-processing. If, during normal note-taking, a student can simply rewrite an article or paragraph, determining along the way which part to take notes and which to skip, then drawing up a basic note involves pre-processing the material.
The part of the time that the student would have previously spent writing notes is freed up. This is especially true if the preparation of notes is carried out directly at the lecture. The teacher can spend the time remaining after taking notes on a detailed explanation of the material.
Speed in abstract reprocessing. On average, one basic abstract can be read in five minutes. What can we say in a situation where you need to prepare for an exam that covers from 10 to 15 topics. In suchIn this case, the student will need only an hour and a half to review all the topics, and not a couple of nights.
Students learn to analyze the acquired knowledge, highlight the main thing and compress the text. Preparation of supporting notes can be useful in the future, when writing term papers, diploma and master's, research papers.
Used by educators
Not only students, but also teachers can use notes in the classroom. Various types of reference notes can greatly simplify the presentation of the material. For example, a teacher or lecturer can bring to class a pre-written summary of the topic being studied and distribute one copy to the student.
Further, in the course of considering the topic, students follow the presentation of the material according to the abstract and make their notes on the already prepared plan. For example, they mark important points, put question marks in those places that the lecturer may leave for self-study.
At the end of the lesson, the processed abstract remains with the student and can be used in the future in preparation for practical and seminar classes, tests, exams.
Conclusions
Using a reference note helps to master the learning material much faster, prepare for an exam or a test. Drawing up supporting notes also greatly simplifies the processing of the material, teaches students to structure the material, and be creative in learning.
Educators can also use them for teaching. This will help reduce the timeneeded to record a lecture, deepen students' knowledge on a particular topic.
