Lomonosov Moscow State University (Moscow) is an excellent educational institution for young people who want to devote their lives entirely to science or get a quality, versatile education that opens the door to a number of leading Russian and foreign companies.
Founding the University
MGU was founded in 1755 by M. Lomonosov and I. Shuvalov. The opening date was supposed to be 1754, but this was not destined to happen due to repair work. The decree on the opening of the educational institution was signed by Empress Elizabeth herself in the winter of the same year. In honor of this event, Tatyana's Day is celebrated every year at the university. In the spring, the first lectures began to be read. Ivan Shuvalov became the curator of the university, and Alexei Argamakov became the director. The most interesting thing is that Mikhail Lomonosov was not mentioned in any official document and in any speech dedicated to the opening. Historians explain this by the fact that Ivan Shuvalov appropriated the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating Moscow State University and the glory from it, and also introduced a number of provisions into his activities that were zealously disputed by Lomonosov himself and other progressive scientists. This is just a guess for which there is no evidence. Some historians believe that Lomonosov is onlycarried out Shuvalov's orders.
Management
Lomonosov Moscow State University was subordinate to the Government Senate. University professors were subordinate only to the university court, which was headed by a director and a curator. The duties of the curator included the full management of the institution, the appointment of teachers, the approval of the curriculum, etc. The director was elected from outsiders and carried out control activities. His duties also included providing the material side of the issue and establishing correspondence with well-known scientists and other educational institutions. For the director's decision to have full effect, it had to be approved by the curator. Under the director, there was a Conference of Professors, which consisted of 3 professors and 3 assessors.
XVIII century
Lomonosov Moscow University (MGU) in the 18th century could offer students three faculties: philosophy, medicine and law. Mikhail Kheraskov in 1779 creates a university noble boarding school, which becomes a gymnasium in 1930. Nikolai Novikov (1780) is considered to be the founder of the university press. The newspaper Moskovskie Vedomosti was published here, which was the most popular in the entire Russian Empire. Soon, the first scientific communities begin to form at the university.
19th century
Since 1804, the management of the university passed into the hands of the Council and the rector, who was personally approved by the emperor. The council consisted of the best professors. Rector re-electionheld every year by secret ballot. Deans were elected in the same way. Kh. Chebotarev became the first rector who was elected according to such a system. The council de alt with the issues of the curriculum, testing the knowledge of students and appointing teachers in the gymnasium and college. Every month, Lomonosov Moscow State University hosted meetings dedicated to new scientific discoveries and experiments. The executive body was the Board, which consisted of the rector and deans. Communication between the university managers and the authorities was carried out with the help of a trustee. At this time, the faculties at Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov underwent some changes: they were divided into 4 branches of science (political, verbal, physical and mathematical and medical).
XX century
In 1911 there is a loud scandal - the Casso affair. As a result, about 30 professors and 130 teachers leave the university for 6 years. The Faculty of Physics and Mathematics suffered the most from this, which, after the departure of P. Lebedev, froze in development for 15 years. In 1949, the construction of a new building on Sparrow Hills began, which in the future became the main building of the university. In 1992, the well-known mathematician V. Sadovnichiy was elected rector of the university.
Learning process
Do you want to know what they teach at Lomonosov Moscow State University? In 2011, all Russian universities were supposed to switch to a two-level education system, which is prescribed by the Bologna Convention. Despite this, MSUcontinues to teach students in an integrated 6-year program. The rector of the university, Viktor Sadovnichy, said that the educational institution trains future specialists according to its own standards. He emphasized that they would be at a level above the state ones. For students, two forms of education are possible - a specialist and a master's degree. Training for a specialist will last 6 years, and bachelor's degree will remain only at some faculties. Analysts in the field of education have different points of view on this decision of the university: someone approves of it, someone is in no hurry to draw conclusions.
Structure
Today, the university consists of more than 600 buildings, the total area of which is approximately 1 million m². Only in the capital of Russia the territory of the university occupies about 200 hectares. It is known that the Moscow government allocated an area of 120 hectares for new buildings of the university, on which active work has been carried out since 2003. The territory was received on a gratuitous lease. Construction is largely due to the assistance of Inteko CJSC. The company has built up part of the allocated area with two residential areas and a parking area. The university has a share of 30% of the living space and 15% of the parking. It is also planned to build up the territory with four buildings surrounding the fundamental library. All this will be a small town, which will house the laboratory and research buildings and the stadium.
In 2005 wasthe fundamental library was built. In the autumn of 2007, the mayor of the city Yu. Luzhkov and the rector of Moscow State University solemnly opened two important facilities: the First Academic Building of Moscow State University, which houses three faculties (public administration, history and philosophy) and a system of 5 buildings for a medical center (polyclinic, hospital, diagnostic and analytical centers and educational building). In the winter of 2009, the grand opening of the 3rd humanitarian building took place, which was planned to house the Faculty of Economics. A year later, the 4th building was opened, which was occupied by the Faculty of Law. An underground pedestrian crossing was created under Lomonosovsky Prospekt, which connected the new and old territories.
In 2011, the first educational building located on the new territory was named Shuvalovsky, and another one under construction will be named Lomonosovsky. There are branches of the university even outside the country, in the most remote corners: in Astana, Dushanbe, Baku, Yerevan, Tashkent and Sevastopol.
Scientific life
Lomonosov State University (MSU) is famous for talented scientists who regularly publish interesting papers and research. In the spring of 2017, MSU biologists published a report in which they proved the relationship between kidney failure and “wrong” mitochondria. The results of the experiments were published in the scientific journal Scientific Reports. A new way has been created to help assess the state of the environment. The university is famous not only for famous scientists who have already created a name for themselves, but also for young talents. Many of them in 2017became laureates of the Moscow government award.
Faculties
Lomonosov Moscow State University offers students a choice of a large number of areas of education. There are about 30 faculties in total. On the basis of the university, the Moscow School of Economics, the Higher School of Business, the Faculty of Military Education, the Higher School of Translation, etc. operate. There is also a University Gymnasium that accepts orphans. What interesting things can we learn about Lomonosov Moscow State University? The Faculty of Physics is considered one of the most progressive, and for good reason. It is considered the best place for learning physics in all of Russia, because research is carried out here that receives worldwide publicity. Leading teachers are scientists who are known for their discoveries and ideas even abroad. This faculty was established in 1933, and then it was called the Department of Experimental and Theoretical Physics. Such scientists as S. Vavilov, N. Bogolyubov, A. Tikhonov taught here. Of the 10 Russian Nobel Prize winners, 7 studied and worked at this faculty: A. Prokhorov, P. Kapitsa, I. Frank, V. Ginzburg, L. Landau, A. Abrikosov and I. Tamm.
Summing up the results of this review article, I would like to say that Moscow State University. Lomonosov is one of the best universities in the Russian Federation, if not the best. Each applicant should make a choice independently, because studying here opens up a lot of opportunities. The popularity of this educational institution is unlikely to ever fall, because even in branches there are almost never shortages.
