There are many different types of emotions that affect how an individual lives and interacts with other people. The choices a person makes, the actions they take, and the perception of the environment all depend on them. The sense organs also play a special role in perception. It is thanks to them that a person receives information from the outside world. Emotions and feelings are classified based on manifestations and functions.
Categories of emotions
Psychologists have tried to identify different types of emotions. Several different theories have emerged to classify and explain them.
In the 1970s, psychologist Paul Ekman identified six basic types that he believed people of all cultures experienced. He singled out happiness, sadness, disgust, fear, surprise, and anger. Later, the list of basic emotions was expanded to include pride, shame, embarrassment, and excitement.
According to data obtained in later studies, 27 differentcategories.
Happiness is often defined as a feeling of contentment, joy, well-being.
Sadness is often defined as a transitional emotional state characterized by feelings of frustration, grief, hopelessness, disinterest, and low spirits.
Fear has very strong manifestations, and it can also play an important role in survival. When confronted with danger, the body produces a certain reaction. Muscles become tense, heart rate and breathing increase, consciousness sets the body to either run from danger or stay and fight.
Disgust can be caused by an unpleasant taste, smell or image seen.
Anger can be a particularly strong emotion, characterized by feelings of hostility, agitation, frustration and antagonism towards others.
Surprise is usually quite short and is characterized by a certain physiological reaction. This type can be positive, negative or neutral.
Senses and Organs
Aristotle (384 BC - 322 BC) is credited with the traditional classification of the senses based on the five elements: sight, smell, taste, touch and hearing. The famous philosopher Immanuel Kant proposed back in the 1760s that our knowledge of the outside world depended on our ways of perceiving. Each of the five senses is made up of organs with specialized cellular structures that have receptors for specific stimuli. These cells are connected to the nervous system and therefore to the brain. Feelingoccurs at primitive levels in cells and integrates into sensations in the nervous system.
The term "sense organ" means a special organ that can recognize some kind of irritation from the outside.
Features of feelings
Perception and illusion are not limited to our eyes. According to the classification of human senses, sight, hearing, touch, smell and balance are distinguished. Each receptor is a kind of sensor that targets a certain kind of stimulus. This is called the selectivity of the sensory system. In each eye, more than 100 million photoreceptors direct electromagnetic energy precisely in the frequency range of visible light. Different views even target different colors and light levels.
Based on the classification of senses, it can be said that auditory, sensory senses and balance are associated with movement, vibration or gravitational force. They are sensed by mechanoreceptors. The sense of touch additionally includes thermoreceptors to detect changes in temperature.
Feeling the balance of balance helps to understand in which direction the head is oriented, including the sense of the "up" direction. Finally, taste and smell are grouped into one category called chemical senses, which relies on chemoreceptors. They provide signals based on the chemical composition of the substance appearing on the tongue or in the nasal passages.
Classification of Organs
Scientists present the following classification of the sense organs:
- Primary sensory (neurosensory), including the organs of smell and vision.
- Secondary sensory (sensoepithelial). These include taste buds, organs of hearing and balance.
- Touch endings.
Analyzer is a general term that means a neurophysiological system consisting of three components: sensory, connective and central. The first part is present in the sensory organ or end, the latter in the cerebral cortex of the granular (sensory) type. They are connected by nerves that resemble the intermediate part of the analyzer. Due to the type of sensation, there are such basic analyzes in the human body: visual, auditory, smell, taste, touch, pressure, pain, and so on, which form the basis of the classification of feelings.
