What is a way? As a rule, the interpretation of this word in general terms is clear to everyone. It is usually associated with the road, which, in principle, is true. But not everyone knows how the road differs from the road and whether it differs at all. Information about what a route is will be presented in the article.
Word in dictionary
It seems that finding out the meaning of the word "way" will not do without referring to the dictionary. There we find a definition that boils down to this.
Shlyakh is an obsolete word that was used in Ukraine, as well as in southern Russia in the 16th and 17th centuries. This was the name of the steppe roads that passed near the southern borders. And also big well-travelled roads.
Examples of the use of the word can be found in the legend of the Russian hero Ilya Muromets, which speaks of a path-path, which is so long that there is no end to it. And it is also heard in the Russian folk song, which tells about a path running over the forest, completely covered in tears.
Routes in Russia
Studying the question of what a path is, it should be noted that in ancientIn Russia, they played a great historical role - both in trade, and in military, and in political aspects. In the old days, it was along the steppe roads, called paths, that the steppe nomads attacked the settlements of the Slavs. They were Pechenegs, Khazars, Cumans.
The most ancient is the Konchakov Way, in Tatar - “sakma”. Back in the 19th century, it passed through the Kursk and Kharkov provinces, or rather, through its western districts, ran to Putivl from the Dnieper steppes. It has retained its name since the 12th century. Then, following Igor, the prince of Seversk, with his horde along him, the Polovtsian Khan Konchak invaded Posemye.
The family is called the historical region, located in the Seim river basin. This is part of the area where the tribes that were part of the East Slavic union of the northerners were settled. From the end of the 9th to the end of the 14th century, it was part of the Novgorod-Seversky and Chernigov principalities.
Main Highways
Continuing to consider the question of what a way is, it should be said about the most significant of them. After the raids of the Tatars, especially the Crimean ones, more and more information about the main routes is found. The latter made their way to Muscovy mainly bypassing the Voronezh and Kursk provinces, through the area located between the Don and the Dnieper. A number of the most important roads ran there.
- Kalmiusskaya sakma is the easternmost road that ran from the coast of the Sea of Azov, the Kalka River, and reached cities such as Oskol and Liven.
- Izyumsky way went west from the previous and Muravsky ways and was the most western. From the indicated main routes divergedsecondary, the name of which was sometimes derived from the main and large ones, for example - Muravki.
- Bokaev way, along which the Belgorod, or Akkerman, Tatars came to the Oryol, Rylsky, Bolkhov places. One of their leaders was Bokai Murza, after whom the path is named.
Other important routes were:
- Ambassadorial Way;
- Azov;
- Sahaidachny;
- Romodanovsky;
- Pakhnutskaya sakma;
- Savinskaya sakma;
- Murom;
- Pig road.
Arrangement of tracks
There is evidence that, starting from the first years of the 17th century, “examination by royal envoys” of the main routes, their strengthening, and the construction of prisons along them were practiced.
Embassies from both sides traveled along these roads from Moscow to Crimea and back. And also people from the outskirts who were engaged in trade, including Chumaks, traveled along them.
They were s alt merchants, wine merchants, carters. They lived in the south of Russia and the territory of today's Ukraine in the 16th-19th centuries. On oxen, they went to the Azov and Black Seas, bought fish and s alt there, and then took them to fairs. In addition, they also delivered other goods.
And the ancient trade routes that passed in the areas belonging to the Don Cossacks were also called paths. These include, for example, such paths as:
- Derbent-Alanian;
- Hetman's;
- Derbent-Sarmatian.
