Vyatka province - a territorial entity in the former Russian Empire with the center in the city of Vyatka. The lands of this region were by no means always part of one territorial entity, but they were always interconnected economically.
Formation of the territory of the province
Before the administrative reform of Peter the Great in 1708-1710, there was practically no division of territory into regions in Russia. The great king in 1708 divided the state into 7 provinces. Note that the question of creating the Vyatka province at that time was not raised, therefore, the lands adjacent to the Vyatka River were included in such formations:
- Siberian province (6 counties);
- Kazan (5 counties);
- Arkhangelsk (2 volosts).
In 1719, each of these provinces was divided into provinces. The Vyatka province at that time was part of the Siberian province, but in 1727 it was transferred to the Kazan province. Such a transformation was very beneficial from an economic point of view, since the Kazan province initially included many lands on which the Vyatka River flows. As you know, at that time the rivertransport was essential in maintaining economic ties and developing trade.
Administrative changes took place in the empire also in the second half of the 18th century. For example, in 1780, the Vyatka governorship was created. The territory included the lands of the province of Vyatka and some southern districts of the Kazan province.
Legal registration of the creation of the province
In 1796 the governorship was reformatted into a province. With this action, tsarism actually recognized the fact that the Vyatka province should have existed from the very beginning and within economically justified boundaries. Administratively, the territory was divided into 13 counties:
- Vyatka;
- Orlovsky;
- Glazovsky;
- Sarapulsky;
- Elabuga;
- Slobodskoy;
- Kaigorodian;
- Urzhum;
- Kotelnichsky;
- Tsarevo Sanchur;
- Malmyzhsky;
- Yaransky;
- Nolinsky.
Center of the province
Vyatka (city) was founded by people from the Novgorod lands between 1181 and 1374. In historical chronicles, under 1181, the settlement of Kotelnich is mentioned, but nothing is said about Vyatka yet. But it was in 1374 that the city was mentioned in connection with the campaign of the Novgorodians against the capital of the Volga Bulgars.
Vyatka is a city that changed its name several times. It is known that immediately after its foundation it was called Khlynov, although there is no official confirmation of this fact in the form of archival documents.preserved. In 1374, according to the Tale of the Land of Vyatka, the center of this region was called Vyatka. Since 1457 the name Khlynov has returned again. In connection with the administrative reform of 1780, Empress Catherine issued a decree about returning the name Vyatka to the city, which remained until the end of 1934. As you know, the communist leader Kirov was killed this year. The Soviet leadership decided to honor the memory of the communist by renaming Vyatka to Kirov. At the moment, the question of returning the historical name to the city is being raised, but this idea does not have serious support.
Ethnic composition
The census of the Vyatka province in 1897 made it possible to form a real idea about the ethnic structure of the region in general and each county specifically. So, the total population of the earth was 3,030,831. Of this number, Russians were 77.4%, Udmurts - 12.5%, Tatars - 4.1%, Mari - 4.8%. If we look at the districts, we will see a slightly different picture. For example, in the Vyatka district, the Russian population was 99.5%. The same picture could be observed in Kotelnichsky, Nolinsky, Oryol counties. In the Glazov district lived 54% of Russians, 42% of Udmurts, 2% of Tatars and Komi-Permyaks. The most multinational is Yelabuga county. Here, at the time of the census, the population structure was as follows: 53.3% - Russians, 21.9% - Udmurts, 3.1% - Maris, 16.3% - Tatars, 3.7% - Bashkirs, 1.7% - Teptyars. In the Malmyzh district, representatives of Russian nationality were about 54%, Udmurts - 24%, Mari - 4%, Tatars - 17%. As we can see, the Vyatka provincemultinational, because at least 3 nationalities lived in each county. There were only a few mono-ethnic districts in 1897.
Villages of the Vyatka province
The territory of each province was divided into several administrative parts. The Vyatka province was no exception. Counties, in modern terms, are areas that include village councils (in tsarist times - volosts). The names of villages and smaller villages often played a cruel joke on the inhabitants, because the passers-by could take some ugly name seriously, thinking that it really characterizes the inhabitants of the village.
Let's consider this situation on the example of the names of the villages of Nolinsky district. In 1926, a census was conducted, which recorded the existence of such villages:
- Stupid (a negative characteristic of the intellectual abilities of peasants);
- Doodles (an even more negative expression);
- God Eaters (people who eat God);
- Sores;
- Kobelevschina and Males (we are already talking about some sexual characteristics);
- Culture and Labor, Economy of Labor (purely Soviet names);
- Nets (depending on how the meaning of the word is understood, a positive or negative connotation is given);
- Disgrace (shameful place).
Vyatka province: from history to the present
Today we live in a modern country that is developing and confidentlylooks to the future. There are many industrial enterprises in the Kirov region. In the early 2000s, a population census was conducted, the results of which showed that the national structure of the population remained virtually unchanged. This region is notable for the fact that Mari, Udmurts, Russians, Tatars and descendants of Perm live here mixed. Ethnic conflicts between representatives of different nationalities have never been observed.
