Academicians of the Russian Academy of Sciences, whose list is updated every year, are the holders of the highest status in domestic science. A citizen of the Russian Federation who publishes scientific works of great social importance in various fields of knowledge can count on the title of academician. In 2017, there are almost a thousand academicians of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Russia, to be precise - 932. According to the charter of the Russian Academy of Sciences, their main and only goal is to enrich science with their achievements.
How to become an academic?
The Russian Academy of Sciences has two levels for its members. Who are they, academicians of the Russian Academy of Sciences? The list of these people is constantly updated. The title of corresponding member is considered the junior degree of membership, the highest - academician. The same practice was applied in the USSR. Residents of foreign countries can also get into the Russian Academy of Sciences. For special merit. In this case, they will be referred to as foreign members of the academy.
Elections of academicians of the Russian Academy of Sciences come from among the corresponding members. Only academics themselves have the right to vote. This title is awarded for life. The last elections were held quite recently - on October 25 last year. Their main distinguishing featureis a high percentage of admission of new members with a prerequisite - an age limit. Today, a bet is made on rejuvenation. Therefore, a large number of scientists who at the time of voting were under 61 years old came to the election of academicians of the Russian Academy of Sciences. They had a significant advantage.
Being a member of the Academy of Sciences is the highest award that is given for special merits in science, it serves as a kind of degree of public recognition. There are also financial benefits. Monthly salary supplement in the amount of 100 thousand rubles.
Number of Academicians
In 2013, the number of academicians increased significantly, after academicians of medical and agricultural sciences were included in the academicians of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Thus, their total number today is, as already mentioned, 932 people.
If we count how many academicians in the RAS were elected exclusively through the Academy of Sciences, then there are 527 of them. The percentage of women is low - there are only 13 of them. 73 scientists continue their membership since the times of the USSR.
The oldest academician is the philosopher Theodor Oizerman, who turned 102 years old in May 2016. At the opposite end of the list is the physicist Grigory Trubnikov - he is only 40 years old. Of the living members of the academy, the youngest at the time of the election was another physicist - Alexander Skrinsky (32 years old). And at the most advanced age, this title was awarded to the physiologist Lev Magazanik. He was 85 at the time of his election.
Academician with experience
At the moment, metallurgist Boris Evgenievich is the longest academician of sciencesPaton. He is 98 years old, he was born in Kyiv. In the capital of the Ukrainian SSR, he graduated from the Polytechnic Institute, becoming an electrical engineer by profession. He followed in his father's footsteps to work at the Institute of Electric Welding, named after his father, Evgeny Oskarovich. During his career, he became the author of more than 400 inventions.
His scientific interests are related to the processes of automatic and semi-automatic welding, he also presented and developed the theory of creating automatic arc welding machines, investigated the conditions of arc burning.
Today, Academician Paton works with cybernetic devices, and is also working on the creation of welding robots. The priority among the problems he studies is welding metallurgy, as well as obtaining new and improving existing metals.
One of his merits is the creation of a special field in metallurgy - special electrometallurgy. He personally led research in this area, dealing with heat sources in welding machines.
Advances in oncology
In 2004 Mikhail Ivanovich Davydov, professor, surgeon-oncologist, became an academician.
He has received high praise from the scientific community for his success in developing treatments for various cancers. In particular, tumors of the esophagus, stomach, lung.
His merit is the use of new methods - anostomosis (connection of the internal volumes of hollow organs). Thanks to this, doctors manage to establish interaction between parts of the intestine or vessels. His new methoddiffers in originality, while being as simple as possible in technical execution.
Davydov Mikhail Ivanovich has achieved a significant improvement in the consequences of the treatment of cancer of the stomach, lungs and esophagus. For the first time in oncosurgery, it was he who began to perform surgical interventions on the pulmonary aorta or vena cava, achieving excellent results.
The oldest
Teodor Ilyich Oizerman is today the oldest academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In May last year, he turned 102. He was born in the year of the outbreak of the First World War in the small village of Petroverovka, Kherson province, now it is the Odessa region.
His father died suddenly of typhus in 1922, and young Theodore went to work as an apprentice boilermaker at a locomotive repair plant.
In the 30s she moved with her mother to the Vladimir region, as in Ukraine she lost her job as a teacher due to her lack of knowledge of the national language. The so-called "indigenization" campaign was carried out by the Soviet government in the 1920s and 1930s. His mother gets a job at school again, and Theodore works as an electrician at a metalworking factory. In parallel, he writes stories and publishes.
In 1937 he received several positive reviews of his works from the camp of Russian emigration, in particular from Georgy Adamovich. However, the state publishing house refuses to publish the collection of short stories "On Pekshe", and Oizerman abandons literature.
After that, he goes to study at the Faculty of Philosophy at the Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History. Parallel moonlightingelectrician. Defends Ph. D. thesis in 1941 on the teachings of Marx.
During the Great Patriotic War, he was sent to the front, received a shell shock in the battles on the Kursk Bulge. After the victory over fascism in 1951, he defended his doctoral thesis, and in 1966 he became an academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Deeply studies the works of Kant and Hegel.
The youngest
Academicians of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the list of which is of interest to many today, are mostly elderly people. However, there are exceptions. For example, physicist Grigory Vladimirovich Trubnikov.
He received his higher education in Lipetsk. Then he worked in Dubna, in 2005 he defended his PhD thesis. His research focus is particle accelerators.
In 2012 he became a doctor of science. His research interests also include electron beam cooling, beam generation, storage rings, and object-oriented programming.
Academician at 32
Earlier than all the living academicians this title was received by another physicist - Alexander Nikolaevich Skrinsky. He was born in Orenburg in 1936.
De alt with problems of experimental and applied physics. Studied accelerators and high energy physics. With his participation, the latest types of colliders were developed and created. Since 1968, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. At that time, he was only 32 years old. Two years later he received the title of "Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences".
He further developed a method of electron cooling and detectionpolarized beams. He played a decisive role in the development of applied physics, as well as in the creation of the latest types of lasers and the production of beam technologies.
Academic physiologist
In 2016, full members of the Russian Academy of Sciences accepted the physiologist Lev Girshevich Magazanik into their ranks. To receive an honorary title at that age is a kind of record, at least among living academics.
Lev Girshevich was born in Odessa in 1931. In the field of his scientific research - the work of ion channels, the effect of neurotoxins on various types and types of receptors. Among his inventions are unique tools that made it possible to study the organization of molecules in membranes.
Magazanik conducted joint research with foreign scientists around the world - in France, Switzerland, Great Britain, Germany. The result of his work was the creation of new drugs that help to establish interaction between neurons in he althy and sick people
Medics among Academicians
Academicians of the Russian Academy of Sciences are selected today in 12 departments and sections. Medicine occupies one of the key places in this list. Most of the academics are women. One of them is an obstetrician-gynecologist Leyla Vladimirovna Adamyan.
She was born in Tbilisi. Educated in Moscow. From 1989 to the present day, he has been in charge of the department of operative gynecology at the corresponding research institute. In 2004 she was awarded the title of academician.
Leyla Adamyan is famous forthe fact that he is fluent in all types of gynecological operations known to today's science. The objects of her research are the use of X-rays in reproductive medicine. Works a lot on the treatment of pregnant women and children.
Thanks to her, modern surgical technologies are being used today, which have made it possible to at least halve the severity and consequences of adhesions that occur after gynecological operations.
Academic mathematicians
Another field of knowledge traditionally preferred by academicians of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the list of which is replenished after that, is mathematics.
Today, one of the most famous scientists in this field is Ludwig Dmitrievich Faddeev, who became a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences back in 1976. He specializes in the field of mathematical physics.
Most of his works and research are devoted to solving three-body problems in quantum mechanics. In modern science, this problem is known under his name - the Faddeev equation. He also deals with the Schrödinger equation. He is the author of two hundred scientific papers and monographs.
They can be proud that among them there is such a scientist, academicians of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Mathematicians devote a lot of time to theoretical work, however, it is often appreciated. In 2008, Ludwig Faddeev received the Shao Prize in Hong Kong, which is annually awarded to the best scientists in the world. He received the award in the nomination "Mathematics" with another compatriot Vladimir Arnold. Their contribution to the popularization of mathematicalphysics.
