Man takes a special place in the system of the organic world. The taxonomy of this biological species has its own characteristics. They are connected with the biosocial basis of Homo sapiens.
Man: Systematics
On the one hand, man is an object of wildlife, a representative of the Animal Kingdom. On the other hand, it is a social person who lives according to the laws of society and strictly obeys them. Therefore, modern science considers the systematics of a person and the features of his origin from both a biological and a social position.
Human systematics: table
Representatives of the taxa to which modern man belongs have a number of similar structural features. This is proof of their common ancestor and common evolutionary path.
| Taxonomic unit | Resemblances and characteristics |
| Type Chordates | Formation at the initial stages of embryonic development of the notochord and neural tube |
| Subtype Vertebrates |
Formation of the internal skeleton based on the spine |
| Class Mammals | Feeding babies with milk, the presence of a diaphragm, differentiated teeth, pulmonary respiration, warm-bloodedness, intrauterine development |
| Squad Primates | Five-fingered limbs, thumb opposed to others, 90% identical to chimpanzee genes |
| Hominid Family | Development of the brain, upright posture |
| Kind of Man | The presence of an arched foot, a free and developed upper limb, the presence of curves of the spine, articulate speech |
| Kind Homo sapiens | Intelligence and abstract thinking |
Type Chordates
As you can see, the place of man in the taxonomy is clearly defined. The heterotrophic type of nutrition, limited growth, the ability to actively move determine its belonging to the Animal Kingdom. But according to the peculiarities of embryonic development, a person is a representative of the Chordata type. This systematic unit also includes the classes Bony and Cartilaginous Fishes, Reptiles, Amphibians and Birds.
How can such different organisms be of the same type? It's all about their embryonic development. In the early stages, they have an axial strand - a chord. A neural tube forms above it. And under the chord - the intestines in the form of a through tube. There are gill slits in the pharynx. As development progresses, these rudimentary human structures undergo a series of metamorphoses.
The spine develops from the notochord, the dorsal and cephalic from the neural tubebrain. The intestine acquires a through structure. The gill slits in the pharynx close up, as a result of which the person switches to pulmonary breathing.
Class Mammals
Man is a typical representative of the class Mammals. Systematics refers it to this taxon not by chance, but by a number of characteristic features. Like all representatives of mammals, man feeds his young with milk. This valuable nutrient is produced in specialized glands.
The taxonomy of Homo sapiens refers him to the group of placental mammals. During intrauterine development, this organ connects the body of the mother and the unborn child. In the placenta, their blood vessels intertwine, a temporary connection is established between them. The result of such work is the implementation of transport and protective functions.
The similarity of man with other representatives of mammals also lies in the structural features of organ systems and the course of physiological processes. These include enzymatic digestion. Biologically active substances are secreted by the liver, salivary and pancreas. A common feature is the presence of differentiated teeth: incisors, canines, large and small molars.
The presence of a four-chambered heart and two circles of blood circulation determines the warm-bloodedness of a person. This means that his body temperature does not depend on this indicator in the environment.
View Manreasonable
According to the most common hypothesis, humans and some species of modern apes share the same ancestor. There is a number of evidence for this. The Hominid family is characterized by an important feature - upright posture. This trait was certainly associated with a change in lifestyle, which led to the release of the forelimbs and the development of the hand as a labor organ.
The process of formation of the modern species took place in several stages: ancient, ancient and first modern people. These phases did not replace each other, but for a certain period they coexisted and competed with each other.
The most ancient, or ape-men, knew how to independently make tools from stones, make fire, lived as a primary herd. The ancients, or Neanderthals, communicated with gestures and rudimentary articulate speech. Their tools were also made of bone. Modern people, or Cro-Magnons, built their own housing or lived in caves. They sewed clothes from skins, knew pottery, tamed animals, grew plants.
Man, whose systematics is determined by the totality of anatomy, physiology and behavioral reactions, is the result of long evolutionary processes.
