Wireless transmission for delivering electricity has the ability to deliver major advances in industries and applications that depend on the physical contact of the connector. It, in turn, can be unreliable and lead to failure. The transmission of wireless electricity was first demonstrated by Nikola Tesla in the 1890s. However, it has only been in the last decade that technology has been used to the point where it offers real, tangible benefits for real-world applications. In particular, the development of a resonant wireless power system for the consumer electronics market has shown that inductive charging brings new levels of convenience to millions of everyday devices.
The power in question is commonly known by many terms. Including inductive transmission, communication, resonant wireless network and the same voltage return. Each of these conditions essentially describes the same fundamental process. Wireless transmission of electricity or power from a power source to load voltage without connectors through an air gap. The basis is two coils- transmitter and receiver. The first is energized by an alternating current to generate a magnetic field, which in turn induces a voltage in the second.
How the system in question works
The basics of wireless power involve distributing power from a transmitter to a receiver through an oscillating magnetic field. To achieve this, the direct current supplied by the power supply is converted into high frequency alternating current. With specially designed electronics built into the transmitter. The alternating current activates a coil of copper wire in the dispenser, which generates a magnetic field. When the second (receiving) winding is placed in close proximity. The magnetic field can induce an alternating current in the receiving coil. The electronics in the first device then converts the AC back to DC, which becomes the power consumption.
Wireless power transmission scheme
The "mains" voltage is converted into an AC signal, which is then sent to the transmitter coil via an electronic circuit. Flowing through the winding of the distributor, induces a magnetic field. It, in turn, can spread to the receiver coil, which is in relative proximity. The magnetic field then generates a current flowing through the winding of the receiving device. The process by which energy is distributed between the transmitting and receiving coils is also referred to as magnetic or resonant coupling. And it is achieved with the help of both windings operating at the same frequency. The current flowing in the receiver coil,converted to DC by the receiver circuitry. It can then be used to power the device.
What does resonance mean
The distance over which energy (or power) can be transmitted increases if the transmitter and receiver coils resonate at the same frequency. Just like a tuning fork oscillates at a certain height and can reach its maximum amplitude. It refers to the frequency at which an object naturally vibrates.
Advantages of wireless transmission
What are the benefits? Pros:
- reduces costs associated with maintaining straight connectors (e.g. in a traditional industrial slip ring);
- greater convenience for charging common electronic devices;
- secure transfer to applications that must remain hermetically sealed;
- electronics can be completely hidden, reducing the risk of corrosion due to elements such as oxygen and water;
- reliable and consistent power supply for rotating, highly mobile industrial equipment;
- ensures reliable power transmission to critical systems in wet, dirty and moving environments.
Regardless of the application, eliminating the physical connection provides a number of advantages over traditional cable power connectors.
Efficiency of the energy transfer in question
The overall efficiency of a wireless power system is the most important factor in determining itsperformance. System efficiency measures the amount of power transferred between the power source (i.e. wall outlet) and the receiving device. This, in turn, determines aspects such as charging speed and propagation range.
Wireless communication systems vary in their level of efficiency based on factors such as coil configuration and design, transmission distance. A less efficient device will generate more emissions and result in less power passing through the receiver. Typically, wireless power transmission technologies for devices such as smartphones can reach 70% performance.
How performance is measured
Meaning, as the amount of power (in percent) that is transmitted from the power source to the receiving device. That is, wireless power transmission for a smartphone with an efficiency of 80% means that 20% of the input power is lost between the wall outlet and the battery for the gadget being charged. The formula for measuring work efficiency is: performance=DC output divided by input, multiply the result by 100%.
Wireless transmission of electricity
Power can be distributed over the considered network through almost all non-metallic materials, including but not limited to. These are solids such as wood, plastic, textiles, glass and bricks, as well as gases and liquids. When metal orAn electrically conductive material (i.e., carbon fiber) is placed in close proximity to an electromagnetic field, the object absorbs power from it and heats up as a result. This, in turn, affects the efficiency of the system. This is how induction cooking works, for example, inefficient power transfer from the hob creates heat for cooking.
To create a wireless power transmission system, you need to go back to the origins of the topic. Or rather, to the successful scientist and inventor Nikola Tesla, who created and patented a generator that can take power without various materialistic conductors. So, to implement a wireless system, it is necessary to assemble all the important elements and parts, as a result, a small Tesla coil will be implemented. This is a device that creates a high voltage electric field in the air around it. It has a small input power, it provides wireless power transmission at a distance.
One of the most important ways to transfer energy is inductive coupling. It is mainly used for near field. It is characterized by the fact that when current passes through one wire, a voltage is induced at the ends of another. Power transfer is done by reciprocity between the two materials. A common example is a transformer. Microwave energy transfer, as an idea, was developed by William Brown. The whole concept involves converting AC power to RF power and transmitting it through space and re-intovariable power at the receiver. In this system, the voltage is generated using microwave energy sources. such as klystron. And this power is transmitted to the transmitting antenna through the waveguide, which protects from the reflected power. As well as a tuner that matches the impedance of the microwave source with other elements. The receiving section consists of an antenna. It accepts microwave power and an impedance matching circuit and a filter. This receiving antenna, together with the rectifying device, may be a dipole. Corresponds to the output signal with a similar sound alert of the rectifier unit. The receiver block also consists of a similar section consisting of diodes which are used to convert the signal into a DC alert. This transmission system uses frequencies between 2 GHz and 6 GHz.
Wireless transmission of electricity with the help of Brovin's driver, who implemented a generator using similar magnetic oscillations. The bottom line is that this device worked thanks to three transistors.
Using a laser beam to transmit power in the form of light energy, which is converted to electrical energy at the receiving end. The material itself is directly powered using sources such as the Sun or any electricity generator. And, accordingly, implements a focused light of high intensity. The size and shape of the beam are determined by the set of optics. And this transmitted laser light is received by photovoltaic cells, which convert it into electrical signals. He usually usesfiber optic cables for transmission. As with the basic solar power system, the receiver used in laser-based propagation is an array of photovoltaic cells or a solar panel. They, in turn, can convert incoherent monochromatic light into electricity.
Essential features of the device
The power of the Tesla Coil lies in a process called electromagnetic induction. That is, the changing field creates potential. It makes current flow. When electricity flows through a coil of wire, it generates a magnetic field that fills the area around the coil in a certain way. Unlike some other high voltage experiments, the Tesla coil has withstood many tests and trials. The process was quite laborious and lengthy, but the result was successful, and therefore successfully patented by the scientist. You can create such a coil in the presence of certain components. The following materials will be required for implementation:
- length 30 cm PVC (the more the better);
- enamelled copper wire (secondary wire);
- birch board for base;
- 2222A transistor;
- connecting (primary) wire;
- resistor 22 kΩ;
- switches and connecting wires;
- 9 volt battery.
Tesla Device Implementation Stages
First you need to put a small slot in the top of the pipe to wrap around one end of the wirearound. Wind the coil slowly and carefully, being careful not to overlap the wires or create gaps. This step is the most difficult and tedious part, but the time spent will give a very high quality and good coil. Every 20 or so turns, rings of masking tape are placed around the winding. They act as a barrier. In case the coil starts to unravel. When finished, wrap heavy tape around the top and bottom of the winding and spray it with 2 or 3 coats of enamel.
Then you need to connect the primary and secondary battery to the battery. After - turn on the transistor and resistor. The smaller winding is the primary and the longer winding is the secondary. You can optionally install an aluminum sphere on top of the pipe. Also, connect the open end of the secondary to the added one, which will act as an antenna. Care must be taken not to touch the secondary device when power is turned on.
There is a risk of fire if sold by yourself. You need to flip the switch, install an incandescent lamp next to the wireless power transmission device and enjoy the light show.
Wireless transmission via solar power system
Traditional wired power distribution configurations typically require wires between distributed devices and consumer units. This creates a lot of restrictions as the cost of systemcable costs. Losses incurred in transmission. As well as waste in distribution. Transmission line resistance alone leads to a loss of about 20-30% of the generated energy.
One of the most modern wireless power transmission systems is based on the transmission of solar energy using a microwave oven or a laser beam. The satellite is placed in geostationary orbit and consists of photovoltaic cells. They convert sunlight into electrical current, which is used to power a microwave generator. And, accordingly, realizes the power of microwaves. This voltage is transmitted using radio communication and received at the base station. It is a combination of antenna and rectifier. And it is converted back into electricity. Requires AC or DC power. The satellite can transmit up to 10 MW of RF power.
When talking about a DC distribution system, even that is impossible. Since it requires a connector between the power supply and the device. There is such a picture: the system is completely devoid of wires, where you can get AC power in homes without any additional devices. Where it is possible to charge your mobile phone without having to physically connect to the socket. Of course, such a system is possible. And a lot of modern researchers are trying to create something modernized, while studying the role of developing new methods of wireless transmission of electricity at a distance. Although, from the point of view of the economic component, for states this will not beit is quite profitable if such devices are introduced everywhere, and replace standard electricity with natural electricity.
Origins and examples of wireless systems
This concept is not really new. This whole idea was developed by Nicholas Tesla in 1893. When he developed a system of illuminating vacuum tubes using wireless transmission techniques. It is impossible to imagine that the world exists without various sources of charging, which are expressed in material form. To make it possible for mobile phones, home robots, MP3 players, computers, laptops and other transportable gadgets to be charged on their own, without any additional connections, freeing users from constant wires. Some of these devices may not even require a large number of elements. The history of wireless power transmission is quite rich, and, mainly, thanks to the developments of Tesla, Volta, etc. But, today it remains only data in physical science.
The basic principle is to convert AC power to DC voltage using rectifiers and filters. And then - in the return to the original value at high frequency using inverters. This low voltage, highly oscillating AC power is then passed from the primary transformer to the secondary. Converted to DC voltage using a rectifier, filter and regulator. AC signal becomes directthanks to the sound of the current. As well as using the bridge rectifier section. The received DC signal is passed through a feedback winding which acts as an oscillator circuit. At the same time, it forces the transistor to conduct it into the primary converter in the direction from left to right. When current passes through the feedback winding, the corresponding current flows to the transformer primary in the direction from right to left.
This is how the ultrasonic method of energy transfer works. The signal is generated through the sensor for both half cycles of the AC alert. The sound frequency depends on the quantitative indicators of the vibrations of the generator circuits. This AC signal appears on the secondary winding of the transformer. And when it is connected to the transducer of another object, the AC voltage is 25 kHz. A reading appears through it in a step-down transformer.
This AC voltage is equalized by a bridge rectifier. And then filtered and regulated to get a 5V output to drive the LED. The 12V output from the capacitor is used to power the DC fan motor to run it. So, from the point of view of physics, the transmission of electricity is a fairly developed area. However, as practice shows, wireless systems are not fully developed and improved.
