The Decembrist movement was of great social and political importance for the country. It reflected the thoughts and moods of the highly educated, advanced strata of Russian society. One of the founders of the movement was Alexander Muravyov, a general, a participant in the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Crimean battle. His father was the founder of the Moscow educational institution for columnists. Alexander Muravyov was trained in it.
Biography
The figure was born in a noble family in 1792, October 10. Before entering the educational institution founded by his father, he received primary home education and upbringing. In 1810, on March 1, the future Decembrist Muravyov Alexander Nikolaevich was accepted into military service. On September 14, he received the rank of second lieutenant. In the autumn of 1810 - in the spring of 1811 he was on topographic survey in the Kyiv and Volyn provinces. From March 1812 he was transferred to the First Western Army. In June, Alexander Muravyov was enrolled in the Fifth Corps.
Military campaigns
Alexander Muravyov took part in the battle near Borodino. For braveryreceived the Order of St. Anne of the third degree. He also participated in the battles for Krasnoe, Maloyaroslavets, Tarutino. For his courage he received a golden sword. Alexander Muravyov also participated in foreign campaigns in 1813. He distinguished himself in the battles for Fer-Champenoise, Leipzig, Kulm, Bautzen. Since September, he was seconded to Platov's corps. In 1813, on March 16, he was awarded the rank of lieutenant, on November 2 - captain.
In 1814 he was transferred to the General Staff of the Guard. In the same year, in August, Alexander Muravyov received the rank of captain, March 7, 1816 - colonel. Under the First Reserve Cavalry Corps, he was chief quartermaster. In 1817-1818. was the chief of staff of the guards detachment during the stay of the unit in Moscow. By order of Alexander 1, in 1818, on January 6, he was arrested for malfunctioning non-commissioned officers during the parade. Alexander Muravyov resigned in protest. In early October 1818, he was dismissed from service.
Secret organizations
At the end of 1810, Alexander Muravyov became a member of the Elizabeth to Virtue Masonic Lodge. In 1814 he joined the organization in France. From 1816 he was a member of the Three Virtues. Between June 1817 and August 1818 he was local master of the lodge. In addition, Muravyov was a member of the "Holy Artel". He also became the founder of the Union of Salvation. Participated in the "Military Society". Until 1819 he was a member of the Union of Welfare. Participated in the preparation of the "Green Book". Left the organization in 1819.
Arrest and punishment
Ants was taken into custody in the estate of his wife in the village. Botov in 1826, January 8. Five days later he was taken to St. Petersburg to the main guardhouse. Since January 14, he has been in the Peter and Paul Fortress. In early July 1826, he was convicted of the VI category and exiled to Siberia without deprivation of the nobility and ranks. His wife decided to follow him. At the end of August 1826, Muravyov arrived in Yalutorovsk. Some time later, at the request of his mother-in-law, Princess Shakhovskaya, he was changed the place of exile and transferred to Verkhneudinsk. At the end of January 1827 he arrived in the city. There he applied for civil service. The request was granted. At the end of November, the couple had a daughter, but she died at the age of five.
Official career
At the end of January 1828, Muravyov was appointed mayor in Irkutsk. He officially assumed this position by the end of April. At the beginning of July 1831, he was appointed chairman of the provincial government with the elevation to the rank of state councilor. At the end of June of the following year, he received a position in Tobolsk. From October 30, 1832 he was a civil governor. In 1834, a conflict arose between Muravyov and Velyaminov (Governor-General of Western Siberia). As a result, the first was transferred to Vyatka, where he was the chairman of the criminal chamber. But already at the end of 1834, Velyaminov's successor wished to return Muravyov back to Tobolsk.
At the end of May 1835, he received the post of chairman of the Taurida Chamber for Criminal Cases. In 1837, he quarreled with Count Vorontsov and was transferred in early Novemberin the Arkhangelsk province. After 2 years, in connection with the unrest of the peasants in the Izhma volost, he was dismissed from the post of governor. From mid-April 1843, Muravyov served in the Ministry of Internal Affairs. In mid-February 1846, he became a member of the Council of Ministers, carried out audits of various provinces. In 1848, on September 18, he was appointed a real councilor of state.
Return to military service
In May 1851 he entered the General Staff with the rank of colonel. Muravyov was enrolled in military service at his own request. In the summer of 1854 he was seconded to Poland. In August 1854 he served at the General Staff of the army in the field. At the end of March 1855, he was promoted to the rank of major general, and from the end of July of this year he was sent on leave for the treatment of cataracts.
Burial
Alexander Muravyov died in 1863, December 18, in Moscow. The body was buried in the Novodevichy Convent. According to historical evidence, in the 1920s the cross disappeared from the grave. Subsequently, the burial place was lost. In 1930 the cemetery was liquidated. The fence with the tablet was moved from the northern part of the Volkonsky mausoleum to the burial place of Trubetskoy. According to historical evidence, the grave of Muravyov's father was also destroyed. In 1979, a stele monument was erected over the alleged burial site.
Namesake
In the same historical period, another Alexander Muravyov lived in Russia - a Decembrist, a cornet. He was born on March 19, 1802. The patronymic of this Muravyov is Mikhailovich. In his early years he received an excellent education at home andupbringing. After a while, he became a listener of lectures by leading scientists, was actively engaged in self-education. Muravyov paid much attention to the works of the Enlighteners of France. At the beginning of April 1824 he was a cornet of the Cavalry Guards Regiment.
Participation in underground organizations
At the age of 17-18 he joined the Union of Welfare. From 1824 he was a member of the Northern Society. This period includes his acquaintance with Naryshkin, Trubetskoy, Obolensky. Muravyov participated in many meetings of the society, he knew all the plans of activity. He actively supported the draft constitution put forward by his brother. From 1825, Muravyov received the right to enroll new members in the society. During this period, Suvorov was admitted to the organization, as well as Vyazemsky, Gorozhansky, Chernyshev, Sheremetiev, Koloshin, etc. On December 14, Muravyov participated in a meeting at Ryleev's apartment. On the day of the uprising, he persuaded the cavalry guards not to swear allegiance to Nicholas. Muravyov was arrested on December 19 in his mother's apartment.
Conclusion and reference
In 1825, on December 25, Alexander Mikhailovich Muravyov was placed in the Revel fortress, and on April 30 of the following year he was transferred to the Peter and Paul Fortress. According to the verdict, he was deprived of all ranks and nobility. He was sent to hard labor, sentenced to 15 years. In early December 1826, together with his brother, Torson and Annenkov, he was sent to Siberia. At first he served his sentence in Nerchinsk in the mines, then he was transferred to Petrovskyplant. In 1832, Muravyov was released from work. Not wanting to part with his brother, he continued to work at the Petrovsky Plant. In 1844, he received permission to enter the service in the provincial government of Tobolsk. In September 1853 he was allowed to return to the European part of the country. However, on November 14 of the same year, Muravyov died in Tobolsk. The body was buried at the Zavalnoe cemetery.
Alexandra Muravyova - Decembrist's wife
She was the daughter of Count Chernyshev, who served as a real Privy Councilor. She received an excellent education. On February 22, 1823, she became the wife of the Decembrist Nikita Muravyov (Alexander Mikhailovich's older brother). When her husband was arrested, she was expecting a third child. On October 26, 1826, she received permission to follow him to hard labor.
Muravyova was one of the first wives of the Decembrists who left for hard labor with her husband. She possessed boundless sincerity and a tender attitude towards loved ones. She died at a young age - at the age of 27 - at the Petrovsky Plant. This death was the first in the circle of the Decembrists. At the request of her husband, a chapel was built over the grave. Two daughters were later buried in the same place. The chapel has been preserved in the city of Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky. It is located in the old cemetery.
