The name of Ivan Matveyevich Vinogradov is inscribed in golden letters in the history of world mathematics. The scientist made a significant contribution to the analytical theory of numbers and created the method of trigonometric sums. He is the only mathematician in Russia, in whose honor a memorial museum was organized during his lifetime.
Family
Ivan Matveevich Vinogradov was born on 1891-02-09 in the village of Milolyub, Pskov province. In his family, several generations of men on the maternal and paternal lines were Orthodox priests.
The father of the mathematician, Matthew Avraamovich, was a graduate of the Pskov Theological Seminary. He combined pastoral ministry and pedagogical activity as head of the parochial school. As a child, dad was an authority for his son and instilled in him a love for Orthodox worship.
But the boy's penchant for exact sciences came from his mother, who at one time graduated from the Mariinsky Gymnasium in Pskov with a silver medal, and then was a teacher at a parochial school.
Ivan was not the only child in the family, he grew up with his older sister Nadezhda, who later became an economist-statistician and headed the Department of Statistics at the MIEI. Ordzhonikidze.
Early Biography
Ivan Matveyevich Vinogradov was extraordinary from childhood. Already at the age of three, he learned to read, count and write fluently. Parents early noticed Vanya's penchant for mathematics and encouraged her in every possible way. In addition, they sought to comprehensively develop children: they were engaged in painting with them, staged home performances.
The future scientist received his secondary education at the Velikoluksky real school. There he independently mastered higher mathematics, which was difficult even for university students.
In 1910, Vinogradov entered St. Petersburg University at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics. In 1914 he graduated from it, but was left to prepare for a degree. In 1915, on the initiative of Professor V. Steklov, he was awarded a scholarship. Soon Ivan Matveyevich became a doctor of sciences.
Mathematician career
In 1918-1920. the scientist worked at Tomsk and Perm State Universities. In 1920 he became a professor and began working at the Polytechnic Institute in Leningrad. In 1929 he received the title of Academician of Sciences, and in 1932 he headed the Physics and Mathematics Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
In 1934, the research institutes were divided into two institutes: mathematics and physics, and Ivan Matveyevich Vinogradov became the director of the first of them. This position he heldover forty-five years - until his death.
Since 1948, the scientist was the editor-in-chief of the mathematical series of the journal Izvestia of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. In 1977-1985. chaired the National Committee of Soviet Mathematicians and acted as editor-in-chief of volumes 1-5 of the Mathematical Encyclopedia.
Scientific activity
Ivan Matveyevich Vinogradov mainly devoted his scientific work to analytic number theory. The main achievement of the scientist is the development of the method of trigonometric sums, with the help of which he solved problems that were not subject to mathematicians of the early twentieth century.
In the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the academician enjoyed great prestige. In many ways, he was considered the informal head of all Soviet mathematicians. Ivan Matveevich Vinogradov created many scientific works, including the textbook "Fundamentals of Number Theory", which was subsequently reprinted and translated into other languages.
Awards and prizes
In 1937, the mathematician received the Stalin Prize of the 1st degree for scientific work on a new method in number theory. In 1972 he was awarded the Lenin Prize for his monograph on the method of trigonometric sums. In 1983 he was awarded the USSR State Prize for the textbook "Fundamentals of Number Theory".
Ivan Matveevich is twice Hero of Socialist Labor (he received this title in 1945 and 1971), the owner of five Orders of Lenin and the Order of the October Revolution. In addition, the academician was awarded the medal "For Valiant Labor in the Second World War" and the Lomonosov Gold Medal.
Private life
Mathematician Ivan Vinogradov never married, lived with his sister Nadezhda. The scientist jokingly said that he had no time to think about love, because nine months a year he proves theorems. But in fact, Vinogradov was afraid that women would consider marriage to him as a profitable match.
In the last years of his life, the mathematician spent a lot of time at his dacha in Abramtsevo, where he was engaged in floriculture and gardening. However, he did not leave his job and until the end of his days led the Mathematical Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Every day, without using the elevator, Ivan Matveyevich went up with quick steps to his office and, sitting at his desk, went about his current affairs. The scientist died on March 20, 1983 at the age of 91. Resting at the Novodevichy cemetery of the capital.
Interesting facts
Ivan Matveyevich Vinogradov had a phenomenal memory: he remembered by heart the dates of various historical events, he could instantly name the length and area of the basin of any river in the world. The mathematician was never a member of the CPSU, he liked to listen to Orthodox church services on the radio.
You can't tell from the photo of Ivan Matveyevich Vinogradov that he was distinguished by phenomenal physical strength. But it was exactly like that. Eyewitnesses said that the scientist could lift a chair by the leg with one hand along with a person sitting on it. He also carried the piano up the stairs to the fourth floor by himself.
As a twice Hero of Socialist Labor, a mathematician was supposed to install a lifetime bronze bust in his homeland. The authorities did not have the funds to erect the monument, andthen Vinogradov himself paid for the production of the monument. In 1979, it was solemnly opened in Velikiye Luki.
Ivan Matveyevich was widely known and revered abroad. He was a member of the London, Amsterdam and Indian Mathematical Societies, and was also included in the Philadelphia Philosophical Society. He was a foreign member of the Parisian, Danish, Hungarian, Armenian Academy of Sciences.
Memory
During the life of Ivan Matveyevich, a memorial museum dedicated to him was opened. It is located in Velikiye Luki, not far from the square with the bust of a mathematician, in the restored house of the Vinogradov family. The memorial fund of the museum consists of documents and personal belongings of the scientist, foreign and domestic awards, a home library and individual scientific works, as well as anniversary gifts and items that characterize his hobbies. In total - about six thousand exhibits, some of which Ivan Matveyevich handed over to the museum himself.
Memorial since its foundation was visited by more than a hundred thousand tourists from St. Petersburg, Moscow, Tver, Krasnoyarsk, Pskov, Murmansk, Penza and other cities. There are also foreigners among the visitors.
On the centenary of the birth of a mathematician, the Soviet Academy of Sciences established a Gold Medal, which was named after him. Subsequently, it was transformed into the Vinogradov Prize of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
In 1983, one of the streets of Teply Stan, a district in the Southwestern District of Moscow, was named after Ivan Matveevich.
