A person's language is understandable only when the words fixed in various dictionaries are used correctly and competently. “Wrong” speech will be inconvenient for perception and will cause negative emotions in listeners.
We all know that speech is an invaluable gift that allows a person to exist in a complex world of social relationships.
This is the source of human sounds and signals, signs and symbols expressed both verbally and in writing. This is done through the use of various styles of speech.
Bookish style, direct and indirect speech
We all use colloquial or, in other words, everyday style of speech in everyday life. This is a live oral communication between people. However, for written speech, this style is unlikely to suit us. To begin with, we recall that written speech is a consistent presentation of one's thoughts in the form of various signs and symbols. Each of us must master the so-called rules of written speech behavior. Without them, it is impossible to write a competently official letter to the management, or to drop a greeting card to the hero of the day, and so on.
Bookish style is one of the most common in writing. Its distinctive feature is the presence in the texts of other people's words transmitted by the author. Recall that direct speech is other people's words and thoughts, verbatim transmitted by another person (author). Schematically, direct speech looks like this: the speech of another person and the words of the author are given. Example: “Sasha, are you going for a walk?” a mother asked her eight-year-old son.
One should distinguish between direct and indirect speech. Indirect speech is only the transfer of information from another person and the meaning of his statement without verbatim reproduction. Important! Indirect speech does not duplicate stylistics, vocabulary and syntax from the original source, does not preserve interjections, introductory words, and so on. For example: Vladimir said he would pick us up as soon as he could.
So, we found out that speech styles determine the rules of speech behavior. What other styles of speech help us diversify verbal communication in society?
Other styles of speech
Imagine that something went wrong at work. Your boss asked you to immediately explain everything in writing, that is, write a so-called explanatory note. In this case, the official-business style of speech is in a hurry to help you. Here everything should be clear, concise, impartial. If you are having difficulty writing in this style, but are sure that your director is a person with a boundless sense of humor, and you are a real lyricist, then you can try to arrange a document in a literary and artistic style. But it's better not to risk it.
By the way, a literary and artistic presentation is much more complicated than an official business one, since it does not contain clichés, established clichés, samples, and so on, inherent in the latter.
Another style of speech is scientific. These are all kinds of reports and abstracts. Probably, it is not necessary to explain what they are for. Since any abstract or report is written with the aim of informing the listener about a particular problem, this style presentation implies the use of terms. It should be remembered that the unjustified filling of the text with terms makes the scientific style of speech pseudo-scientific. In other words, you should not use concepts and definitions unknown to you in reports.
In the media - on television, in newspapers and magazines - there is another style of speech, journalistic. It is used for news reporting, various TV shows, and so on.
