How is lexical analysis of a word carried out? You will learn the answer to the question posed from this article. In addition, several examples of such analysis will be presented to your attention.
General information
Lexical analysis of a word is carried out using various linguistic dictionaries, namely explanatory, phraseological, dictionary of antonyms, synonyms and homonyms.
It should be especially noted that such an analysis is aimed at the lexical unit of the Russian language, indicating such features as:
- uniqueness or, conversely, ambiguity of the word;
- the kind of its lexical meaning in a particular case;
- synonyms;
- origin of the word;
- antonyms;
- belonging of the word to the vocabulary, limited in use, or common vocabulary;
- phraseological connections of this or that expression.
Lexical analysis of a word is an optional type of analysis for ordinary school practice. As a rule, such an analysis is not given as a control task.
Generally accepted scheme
In order to correctly parse a word, you must adhere to the following scheme:
- Determining the lexical meaning of a word in a particular context.
- If the selected expression is multi-valued, then you must specify its other values (if necessary, you can use the explanatory dictionary of the Russian language).
- Setting the type of lexical meaning in a particular context (direct or figurative).
- If the value is figurative, then its appearance should be characterized.
- Building a synonymic series for a word in its current meaning.
- A selection of antonyms for the selected word.
- Determining whether a word belongs, that is, whether it is originally Russian or was once borrowed from a completely different language.
- Establishing whether the selected word belongs to restricted or common vocabulary.
- Determine if a given expression is deprecated.
- Inclusion of this word in phraseological units.
Examples of word parsing
In order to understand how the lexical analysis of a word is carried out, it is not enough just to know the features of such an analysis and its scheme. After all, any theoretical knowledge must necessarily be supported by practical work. To do this, we decided to bring to your attention a few examples of different words that have undergone lexical analysis.
Lexical analysis of the word "mower"
SoLet's analyze the word "mower", which is included in the following sentence: "The mower walked around the rapidly mowed steppes."
1. A mower is a person who is engaged in mowing, that is, cutting grass or any cereals with a traditional scythe or mower.
2. The word "mower" has several meanings, namely:
- the one who mows;
- a heavy and large knife designed to scrape something or split a torch;
- thousand monetary units (slang).
3. The meaning of the word "mower", in which it is used in the sentence, is direct.
4. Synonyms for the word "mower" are "mower" or "mower".
5. The origin of the word "mower" is native Russian.
6. In the first and second sense, this word is commonly used. As for the third, in this case it is used only in a colloquial style.
7. The word "mower" is obsolete. Accordingly, it is not part of the active vocabulary of modern people.
Lexical analysis of the word "golden"
Let's analyze the word "golden", which is included in the following sentence: "Golden autumn has come to us."
1. Golden autumn is the time of the year when all trees and grasses turn yellow and resemble a shade of gold (metal).
2. The word "golden" has several meanings, namely:
- made of gold;
- embroidered with gold;
- calculated at the rate of gold;
- gold-like;
- beautiful, very good and wonderful;
- auspicious and happiest;
- beloved, dear (in reference to someone);
- mineralogical and botanical names.
3. The meaning is portable.
4. The type of figurative meaning of the phrase "golden autumn" is a metaphor (denotes similar to the color of gold).
5. Synonyms for the expression "golden" are the following: yellow, beautiful, wonderful, fabulous, delightful, etc.
6. The word "golden" has the following antonyms: dirty, disgusting, nasty, bad.
7. Origin - native Russian.
8. This expression is in common use. It can be used in any style of speech.
9. The word "golden" is not obsolete. Accordingly, it is part of the active vocabulary of modern people.
Lexical analysis of other words
Here are some more examples:
Lexical analysis of the word "fantastic" in the sentence "I have seen enough fantastic films":
1. Fantastic film - made up by fantasy and not really existing.
2. The word "fantastic" has several meanings, namely: magical and whimsical; incredible and unrealizable; non-existent and fantasy.
3. The meaning is direct.
4. The synonyms of the word are the following: incredible, stunning, not corresponding to reality.
5. Has the following antonyms: ordinary, banal.
7. Origin -borrowed from English (fantastic).
8. This expression is in common use. It can be used in any style of speech.
9. The expression is not obsolete. Accordingly, it is part of the active vocabulary of modern people.
Lexical analysis of the word "kindness" in the sentence: "Out of the kindness of his heart, he gave all his clothes":
1. By kindness - a spiritual quality, expressed in a caring and gentle attitude towards someone.
2. The word "kindness" has only one meaning.
3. The meaning is direct.
4. The synonyms of the word are the following: good, good-natured, good-natured, philanthropic.
5. Has the following antonyms: evil, cruel.
7. Origin - native Russian.
8. This expression is in common use. It can be used in any style of speech.
9. The expression is not obsolete. Accordingly, it is part of the active vocabulary of modern people.
10. It is used in the following phraseological units: out of the kindness of the soul, blind kindness, etc.
