When a child turns 3 years old, his parents start to think about choosing a suitable kindergarten. To better understand all the pros and cons of various preschool institutions, you need to find out what types of kindergartens are divided into. Many, for example, do not know a compensatory kindergarten - what it is and how to send your child there, if necessary.
Classification of kindergartens
Establishments of pre-school education can be divided by governing body or by specialization. According to the first sign, kindergartens are divided into:
- departmental;
- municipal;
- private;
- homemade.
Based on specialization, preschool institutions are divided into:
- general developmental;
- development centers;
- compensating garden;
- kindergartencombined view;
- he alth kindergartens.
Compensatory kindergarten differs from other types of similar institutions in that children with disabilities need it, but this will be mentioned below.
Types of gardens by governing body
Municipal kindergartens are ordinary district preschool institutions in which classes with children are conducted strictly according to preschool education programs. They include familiarizing the child with what surrounds him, various kinds of educational games, teaching fine arts, correct pronunciation, as well as physical exercises. A compensatory type kindergarten refers specifically to municipal institutions.
In departmental kindergartens, children are divided into 2 groups: in one group there are those whose stay there is paid for by the enterprise where the father or mother of the child works, and in the second group, those for whom the parents pay. In these kindergartens, the conditions for children to stay are somewhat better than in municipal ones, but their cost is usually higher. Another feature is the lack of a government-established educational program.
Private and home kindergartens
An even more expensive option is private kindergartens. since the cost of such kindergartens is considerable, the level of services is naturally higher. Firstly, this is due to the smaller number of children in groups, which allows the teacher to devote more time to each, and secondly, the range of services provided in these institutions is much wider than inthose gardens mentioned above.
Home kindergartens are very different from other types of similar institutions already in that if in ordinary kindergartens education takes place according to a strictly regulated program and is controlled by the relevant authorities, then there is no such control in a home kindergarten. Not only is only one person looking after the children, he also prepares food for them and chooses what the child will do. But if the teacher is a professional in his field, then there are more pluses than minuses, because in a group, as a rule, there are about five children, which allows you to use an individual approach.
Types of institutions divided by specialization
General developmental kindergartens are designed for kids who do not have any developmental disabilities and are aimed at the formation of intellectual abilities, moral and aesthetic qualities. Development centers differ from other preschool institutions primarily in their focus on the versatile development of the individual. As a rule, these are establishments with specially equipped premises, such as game classes, computer rooms, and many other complexes. Combined - these are types of kindergartens that combine the previous two types of institutions.
There is also such a type as ethno-cultural kindergartens. In them, in addition to the general developmental program, there are classes aimed at developing a culture of interethnic relations. This is necessary primarily formultinational regions of the country. Special attention should be paid to such a type of institution as a compensating kind of kindergarten. What does this name mean and how does such a garden differ from other kindergartens?
Compensating Kindergartens
When a child has some deviations in physical or mental development, you should send him to a specialized kindergarten. Since these are unusual gardens, you can get there by going through a certain procedure. But the effort is worth it, because in these institutions the training programs are designed taking into account the developmental disabilities that the child has. Many parents do not understand that their child needs a compensatory type of kindergarten, that this will help him cope with an illness that they consider a minor deviation from the norm.
Which children need compensatory gardens
There are kindergartens for frequently ill children. From the name it is clear what contingent of children is brought up there. Before sending a child to this type of institution, it is necessary to take him to the pediatrician, who will determine whether the baby really needs special care or not. The decision is made on the basis of counting the number of preschooler illnesses over the past year.
In addition, special care is needed for children with delayed speech and mental development, disorders of the musculoskeletal system, poor eyesight and hearing, so a compensatory kindergarten is just what these children need. For referral to specialized kindergartensit is necessary to show the child to a certain doctor, whose specialization depends on the violation of the baby.
How to get to a specialized kindergarten
Few people know that it is not so easy to get into a kindergarten of a compensating type, that this is a strictly regulated procedure, for which a child must first be examined by a doctor (orthopedist, neurologist, ophthalmologist - it depends on what kind of violation is observed in baby), and then, with a certificate, visit the PMPK - the psychological-medical-pedagogical commission. These specialists decide whether to send the child to a compensatory kindergarten or not. With the conclusion issued by the commission, it is already possible to go directly to the head of the preschool institution.
If in an ordinary kindergarten, as in a school, the focus is on the average child, and weak children have to make too much effort to achieve at least some result, then specialized institutions provide the conditions that a child with specific violation.
The main purpose of specialized gardens
If in a general developing kindergarten a child is given certain skills and abilities that help him develop, then a compensatory kindergarten is, first of all, a program aimed at correcting a specific disease. After such a preschool institution, the child, as a rule, is sent to a correctional school, where the correction of his violation continues. Thus, the main purpose of this type of kindergarten is to adapt the baby to the environment, so that in the future, in adulthood,he was able to function at the level of the average person.
The advantage of kindergartens of this kind is that defectologists work with children, working according to specially designed programs, ensuring the development of the child, taking into account his shortcomings. Having learned about a compensatory kindergarten, what it is and how to send their child there (if necessary, of course), the parent must understand that a special attitude towards the child should be maintained at home as well.
