In the primary grades, the basis of a person's spelling literacy is formed.
Everyone knows that the difficulty of the Russian language is largely due to the discrepancy between spelling and pronunciation. Often this is associated with paired consonants.
What is a double consonant?
All consonants are in one opposition or another according to their characteristic features. One of them is the opposition of sounds by deafness-voicedness.
Some consonants, with the coincidence of all other features, such as the place of formation and the way of pronunciation, differ only in the participation of the voice in the process of sounding. They are called couples. The rest of the consonants do not have a deafness-voiced pair: l, m, x, c, h, u, d.
| Paired consonants | examples of words with double consonants | |
|
Voiced (with voice) |
Deaf (without voice) | |
| [p] | tables - table[p] | |
| [at] | [f] | draw[c]a - draw[f] |
| [r] | [k] | expensive[g]a - expensive[k] |
| [e] | [t] | boro[d]a - boro[t]ka |
| [w] | [w] | bla[w]it - blah[w] |
| [h] | [c] | moro[s]ny - moro[s] |
Paired consonants are given here. The table also contains examples that illustrate the spelling "Checked consonants at the root of the word."
Spelling rule for paired consonants
In the process of pronunciation, paired sounds can be interchanged. But this process is not reflected in the letter. That is, the letters do not change, no matter what sounds we hear in their place. So in the Russian language the principle of uniformity of morphemes is realized. The spelling of paired consonants is completely subject to this law.
The rule can be stated in the following paragraphs:
- the root of the word is always spelled the same, since the semantics depends on it;
- Spelling needs to be checked by choosing single-root words or changing word forms;
- choose as a test one that has either a vowel or a sonorant sound (p, l, m, n, d) after a dubious consonant.
This can be seen in the examples from the table: spelling consonants are either at the end of words, or before anotherpaired sounds. In test words, they are before vowels or before unpaired phonemes.
Applying the rule
The spelling of paired consonants needs to be worked out. You need to start with the formation of the ability to see the studied spelling. This will be the end of a word or a confluence of consonants, at which sounds begin to affect the sound of each other - the next one changes the quality of the pronunciation of the previous one.
| Spellings - paired consonants | |
| at the end of a word | in consonants |
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Next, we practice the skill of selecting test words.
| Nouns and adjectives change by numbers, cases, verbs by persons and numbers | Use suffixes, form other parts of speech |
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When we know what a double consonant is, it will not be difficult to conclude which option to choose:
- bo[n] - beans - bean;
- bro[t] - ford - ford;
- bro[f'] - eyebrows - eyebrow;
- nail[t'] - nails - nail;
- garden[t] - kitchen gardens - vegetable garden;
- draw[w] - shiver - shiver;
- polo[s]ka - striped - striped;
- ko[z']ba - mow - mowing;
- re[z ']ba - cut - carving;
- goro[d']ba - fence - gorodba;
- cro[in'] - blood - blood;
- stra[w] - guard - guard.
Paired consonants. Examples of word distinctions
Deafness and sonority are able to distinguish words by meaning. For example:
- (soup) thick - (above the river) bush;
- (telegraph) pole - (Alexandrian) pillar;
- bark (oak) - (high) mountain;
- (unbearable) heat - (surface) of the ball;
- (bouquet) of roses - (boy) growing up;
- (new) house - (thick) volume.
In weak positions, at the end of words, for example, as in the example of "roses" and "rose", a check is required to avoid semantic confusion. Paired consonants in Russian require an attentive attitude.
Test on the studied topic
1. What is a double consonant? _
2. Complete the sentence:
To check paired consonants, you need _
3. Highlight the words that need to be checked:
Dive..ka,underwater..ny, gl..cue, dressy..ny, horse..ka, careful..ny, cook..it, doo..ki, other..ny.
4. Write sounds in square brackets:
grass[..]ka, rye[..]ka, zu[..]ki, arbu[..], lo[..]ka, short[..]ka, ko[..]ty.
5. Underline the check word:
Fairy-tale - fairy tale, head - head, pie - pies, ditch - groove, birch - birch, eyes - eyes, stripe - stripes, notebook - notebook, spikelet - spikelets, jump - jumps
6. W or W?
Sapo…ki, doro…ki, boom…ki, cro…ki, ro…ki, poro..ki, bara…ki, lo…ki, game…ki, cha…ki, lie down…ki.
7. Write down the test words and insert letters instead of dots:
- gu…ki (_);
- fla…ki (_);
- grim… (_);
- ch… (_);
- jump…ki (_);
- lo…ka (_);
- horse…b (_);
- zu.. (_).
8. Choose the correct option:
Sha(p/b)ka, provo(d/t), kru(g/k), povia(s/z)ka, me(d/t), su(d/t), sla (d / t) cue, oshi (b / n) ka, doba (v / f) ka, uka (s / s) ka.
9. Insert letters in text:
Swan…b - the king of all waterfowl. He, like a dream …, is white, graceful, he has shiny eyes … ki, black lac … ki and a long, booming neck. How beautifully he floats on the smooth water of the pond!
10. Fix bugs:
- I love reading fairy tales.
- How fragrant strawberries are!
- Carrots are sown on the beds.
- Hip birch flutters petals in the wind.
- The tray floated onlake.
- Berek is gradually approaching.
- Storosh does not sleep.
- A mongrel barks loudly in the yard.
- Yosh rustling in the bushes.
Answers
1. What is a double consonant? A consonant that has a pair of deafness or sonority.
2. Complete the sentence:
To check paired consonants, you need to choose a test word.
3. Highlight the words that need to be checked:
other..ny.
4. Write sounds in square brackets:
grass[V]ka, lo[D]ka, zu[B]ki, arbu[Z], lo[D]ka, short[B]ka, ko[G]ti.
5. Underline the check word:
Fairy-tale - fairy tale, head - head, pie - pies, ditch - groove, birch - birch, eyes - eyes, stripe - stripes, notebook - notebook, spikelet - spikelets, jump - jumps
6. W or W?
Boots, tracks, pieces of paper, crumbs, horns, powders, lambs, spoons, toys, cups, frogs.
7. Write down the test words and insert letters instead of dots:
- beeps (beep);
- flags (checkbox);
- mushroom (mushrooms);
- eye (eyes);
- jumping (jump);
- boat (boat);
- horse (horses);
- tooth (teeth).
8. Choose the correct option:
9. Insert letters in text:
Swan is the king of all waterfowl. He is like snow, white, graceful, he has shiny eyes, blackpaws and a long flexible neck. How beautifully he floats on the smooth water of the pond!
10. Fix bugs:
- I love reading fairy tales.
- How fragrant strawberries are!
- Carrots were sown in the beds.
- Flexible birch flutters its petals in the wind.
- The boat was sailing on the lake.
- The shore is gradually approaching.
- The watchman does not sleep.
- Yips loudly in the courtyard of the mongrel Zhka.
- Hedgehog rustling in the bushes.
