If the main members of the sentence are the basis, then the secondary ones are accuracy, beauty and imagery. Particular attention should be paid to the definitions.
Defined as a member of a sentence
Definition refers to a word with an objective meaning and characterizes a sign, quality, property of an object that names the word being defined, answers the questions: "what?", "what?", "what?", "what?" and their case forms. There is an agreed and inconsistent definition in Russian.
For example, "I loved watching a big beautiful white bird".
Defined word - "bird". From him the question is posed: "what?"
Bird (what?)big, beautiful, white.
Definitions characterize an object in this sentence according to the following criteria: size, appearance, color.
The definitions of "big, beautiful" are consistent, while "white" is inconsistent. How do agreed definitions differ from non-agreed ones?
The definitions of "big, beautiful" are consistent, they change when the word being defined changes, that is, they agree with it in gender, number, case:
- bird (what?) big, beautiful;
- bird (what?) big, beautiful;
- bird (what?) big, beautiful.
The definition of "white" is inconsistent. It will not change if you change the main word:
- bird (what?) white;
- birds (what?) white;
- bird (what?) white;
- bird (what?) white;
- about a bird (what?) of white color.
Thus, we can conclude that this is an inconsistent definition. So, we found out how agreed definitions differ from inconsistent ones. The former change when the main word changes, while the latter do not.
Inconsistent definitions with the meaning of the material from which the object is made
Inconsistent members of a sentence are never expressed by adjectives, participles, agreed pronouns. They are most often expressed by nouns with and without prepositions and have different meanings of the attribute of the subject. One of these meanings is “material from whichitem is made.”
| Inconsistent definitions, examples with the meaning "the material from which the object is made" | |
| A girl in a cashmere sweater entered the room | preposition+noun in the genus case |
| The cups on the table were blue porcelain | preposition+phrase: adjective and noun in gender. case |
Inconsistent definitions with item destination value
Very often you need to specify what an item exists for, then inconsistent definitions are used, meaning "the purpose of the item."
| Inconsistent definitions, examples with the meaning "the purpose of the subject" | |
| You can get trash bags here | preposition+noun in the genus case |
| The boy sat, strict rods for bird cages |
preposition+phrase: adjective and noun in the gender case |
Inconsistent definitions with the value of the accompanying subject attribute
If it is said that something is present or something is missing from the subject of speech, then inconsistent definitions with the meaning "associated subject feature" are usually used.
| Inconsistent definitions, examples with the meaning "associated subject matter" | |
| A man without a hat approached the monument | preposition+noun in the genus case |
| He, in a gray coat, did not stand out in the crowd | preposition+phrase: adjective and noun in sentence case |
Inconsistent definitions with the item's ownership value
Inconsistent definitions are widely used in the language, expressing the belonging of an object or, more precisely, the relation of an object to another object.
| Inconsistent definitions, examples with the meaning "belonging to the subject" | |
| In the silence of the room there was a cry of a child | n. in the genus case |
| An atmosphere of anticipation and nervousness reigned backstage | homogeneous members – noun. in the genus case without prepositions with the conjunction "and" |
Distinguishing inconsistent definitions and additions
Since inconsistent definitions are expressed by nouns, the problem of distinguishing between definitions and additions arises. Additions are also expressed by nouns in indirect cases and do not formally differ from inconsistent definitions. Distinguishing these minor members is possible only in terms of syntax. Therefore, it is necessary to consider ways to distinguish between inconsistent definitions and additions.
- Additions refer to verbs, gerunds, participles, and definitions refer to nouns, pronouns that indicate the subject.
- We put questions to additionsindirect cases, and to definitions - questions "what?", "whose?"
| Definitions | Additions |
|
running (what?) on the spot monument (what?) made of stone she (what?) in a dress |
sits (on what?) in place made of (what?) stone was (in what?) in a dress |
Inconsistent definitions - pronouns
Possessive pronouns can act as inconsistent definitions. In such cases, questions are posed: "whose?", "whose?", "whose?", "whose?" and their case forms. Here are examples of inconsistent definitions expressed by possessive pronouns.
A light came on in her window (whose window?).
His girlfriend didn't come (whose girlfriend?).
They had the most delicious apples in their garden (whose garden?).
Inconsistent definitions - simple comparative adjectives
If the sentence contains an adjective in a simple comparative degree, then it is an inconsistent definition. It denotes a sign of an object that is expressed to a greater or lesser extent than in some other object. Here are examples of inconsistent definitions expressed by the adjective in a simple comparative degree.
Grandfather built himself a house better than ours.
Society is divided into people smarter than me and those who are not interesting to me.
Everyone wants to grab a piece more than others.
Inconsistent definitions - adverbs
Often adverbs act as inconsistent definitions, in such cases they have the meaning of a feature in terms of quality, direction, place, mode of action. We look at sentences with inconsistent definitions, examples with adverbs.
Let's listen to the opinion of your neighbor (what?) on the left.
The closet was small with a door (what?) outside.
The upper room was bright with a window (what?) opposite.
Inconsistent definitions - infinitives
The infinitive can be an inconsistent definition for nouns that have abstract concepts: desire, joy, necessity, and the like. We look at sentences with inconsistent definitions, examples with infinitives.
Everyone would understand my desire (what?) to capture these magical pictures.
The need (what?) to love someone lives indestructibly in the heart.
The division will set out with the task (what?) to take the height on the right bank of the Dnieper.
Everyone should experience the joy (what?) of feeling human.
She had a habit (what?) of talking to someone invisible.
Separation of inconsistent definitions in Russian
The selection of inconsistent definitions in writing with commas depends on the position taken and on their prevalence. Not prone to segregationinconsistent definitions standing directly behind the defined word - a common noun.
In the backyard of the garden stood a long barn (what?) made of planks.
The old woman served sour cream in a bowl (what?) with a chipped edge.
A girl (what?) in a blue dress stood at the entrance to the park, waiting for someone.
It was empty and boring in the park (what?) with cleanly swept alleys.
The desire (what?) to survive at all costs possessed him all the time.
Inconsistent definitions after the main word - a common noun, are isolated only if it is necessary to give it a special semantic significance. Consider isolated inconsistent definitions (examples).
In the same sweater, made of gray wool, she left the room, as if there had not been a whole year of separation.
This vase, with a broken neck, I remember from childhood.
If inconsistent definitions are in front of the word being defined, then they are most often isolated. Such definitions take on an additional adverbial connotation.
In a long elegant dress, my sister looked taller and older.
In a long skirt and with bare arms, a girl stands on stage and sings something in a thin voice.
Inconsistent definitions are always separated if they refer to a personal pronoun and a proper name. Consider isolated inconsistent definitions(examples).
She, with braids to the waist, went to the middle of the room and looked for me with her eyes.
Marya Ivanovna, in a white starched blouse, loudly called the servants and ordered the girl who came to clean up the scattered things.
It (the sun), with a red-orange rim, hung very low from the horizon.
Practical task in OGE format
Among the exam tasks, there is one that requires knowledge of inconsistent definitions. To complete this task, you need to find a sentence that has an inconsistent definition. The following is a text with numbered sentences, among which you need to find the right one.
Example 1: Find a sentence with an inconsistent common definition.
1) The room was quiet and neither the boy nor the man broke the silence for a long time.
2) After a while, my father suddenly said:
3) Listen, Timur! 4) Do you want me to buy you a dog? 5) Sheepdog with a black stripe on the back.
Example 2: Find a sentence with an inconsistent stand-alone definition.
1) Mother stood very close to Nadezhda.
2) She came in from the street.
3) Wearing a cloak and a white coat, she looked different to Nadia than she had two months ago.
4) And Nadezhda, not yet coming to her senses, looked at her mother for three seconds, not recognizing.
5) She saw some new wrinkles radiating from the wings of her nose to the corners of her lips.
6) Only the look of the mother remained the same,the same as Hope wore in her heart.
Example 3: Find a sentence with an inconsistent non-isolated definition.
1) She beamed with joy.
2) She was named mother today.
3) Didn't all the neighbors hear this girl with dark hair screaming:
4)"Mom!"
5) The girl realized what makes her aunt happy.
6) Only she herself did not yet understand whether she called her.
Answers: 1(5), 2(3), 3(3).
