In German, "read" is translated as "lesen". The conjugation of this verb causes difficulty for many students of the language of Schiller and Goethe. The point is that "lesen" is irregular (otherwise it's called irregular). That is why it changes against the rules.
"Lesen": present conjugation
The verb in question is irregular, weak. "Lesen" is not conjugated according to the rules. It changes the root vowel. So, if in the second person the suffix “st” is usually added to the stem of the verb, then this rule does not apply at all to the case with “lesen”.
The conjugation will be represented as follows:
1 person: Ich lese (translated as "I read").
However: 2 faces already du liest! (not du lesest, as it would be if "lesen" were the correct verb).
The form of the second person in the singular also coincides with the third. We have: es/sie/es (also man) liest. This is because in the 3rd person the suffix "t" is added to the stem of the verb. Here, this suffix is added to the stem lies, which already ends in "s". Therefore, it turns out thatthe shapes match here.
In the plural, the following picture: 1 person: wir lesen - we read.
2 person: Ihr lest - you (when referring to a group of people to whom the speaker speaks "you") are reading.
3rd person: Sie and sie lesen. The conjugation here takes place according to the rules of the German language. It is necessary to pay attention only to the second and third person units. numbers if you conjugate the verb in the present tense.
Transitivity of "lesen" and other characteristics
In German, verbs are divided into transitive and intransitive. The former denote an action that a particular person performs and require an addition in the accusative - accusative. Example: Ich sehe meinen Freund ("I see my friend." Who? Friend). The second group has no complement in the accusative. There are also two types of verbs, for example, zeigen - "show", or geben - "give". Let's take an example: "Ich zeige das Buch meinem Freund". It translates as "I'm showing the book to my friend." That is, here we see both an object in the accusative case (what? book), and in the dative case (to whom? my friend).
The verb lesen also belongs to transitive verbs. After it, an accusative addition is required: I read (what?) - A book, a newspaper, a magazine, periodicals, nothing, etc. Thus, here everything coincides with the Russian language, where the verb "read" is also transitive.
You should also pay attention to the shape of the conjunctiva c "lesen". The conjugation of German verbs in the conditional mood is built with the help of the auxiliary verb würden. However, the lesen we are considering is incorrect, socan also be conjugated by changing the root vowel. So, to build such a form of the conditional mood, a verb is taken in the past tense. It changes the root vowel to an umlaut. Instead of "ich las" we have in this case "ich läs", and so on. For example, the phrase "I would do" is translated as "ich würde machen". We can translate the sentence "I would read this book" in two ways. First: "ich würde gerne dieses Buch lesen". Second: "Ich läs dieses Buch".
Conjugation of "lesen" in other tenses
The verb haben is used as an auxiliary to construct the perfect and pluperfect forms with "lesen". The conjugation will look like this, for the forms Perfekt and Plusquamperfekt, respectively:
Ich hab(e) / hatte + participle gelesen;
du hast / hattest + also participle gelesen;
er (sie, es, man) hat / hatte + gelesen;
wir, Sie, sie haben / hatten + gelesen;
ihr habt / hattet + gelesen.
The past tense conjugation of the verb "lesen" is also often difficult, and all because it is not conjugated according to the rules. "I read" would be "ich las", and further: du lasest (or du last, sometimes the form is abbreviated), er/sie/es/man las. In the plural, it is conjugated as follows: wir lasen, ihr laset (sometimes the "e" is omitted and we have: last, the form coincides with the second person singular); Sie/sie lasen.
