Preposition is a service part of speech that denotes the belonging of the subject to the object, their relationship to each other. It expresses the so-called syntactic dependence of the following parts of speech: numeral, pronoun, noun - from others. And its main feature is that the preposition is a function word that is not used independently. And this goes for any language.
Prepositions in German
The role of this part of speech in this language is exactly the same as in our native Russian. Everything is simple and clear here. A preposition is a particle that links groups of words together. They usually come before the word they refer to. An example should be given. Das Fenster (translated as "window"), der Tisch (table). These words can be combined into a single phrase. It will turn out the following: “Der Tisch an dem Fenster”, which can be translated as “window table”. It should also be noted that prepositions serve to determine the case of a noun, and often a pronoun. But only in cases where these parts of speech are after the preposition. They are used both with one case and with several at the same time. However, some prepositions are used after the noun, andbefore him.
Verb matching
I must say that many verbs in German must have certain objects or prepositions after them, and in a certain case. In some cases, the meaning of prepositions that control verbs does not match the translation of Russian analogues. There is one clear example here. The phrase “I think of you” is translated into German as “Ich denke an dich”. If you literally understand this sentence, then it will sound in Russian like this: “I think you have / on you”. By the way, on this basis, many have problems with understanding. Russians strive to literally translate this or that sentence in order to convey the essence to their German interlocutor as accurately as possible, and as a result, due to the incorrect use of prepositions, the opponent simply does not understand what was said. We must not forget about it. That is why you need to learn a list of prepositions, as well as train to apply them.
First group
Prepositions, like many other parts of speech, are divided into several groups. There are only three of them. These are those who do not require any specific case after themselves - the first group. The second includes those that are governed exclusively by one case, as well as a group of these particles governed by two cases (Akkusativ and Dativ). And if we talk about what a pretext is in literature, it is worth considering each of the groups. So als and wie are those that don't need a specific case afterward. After them, the parts of speech change as members of the sentence. An example can be given: Ich kannte ihn schon alsLehrer (here a pronounced Nominativ), and this sentence is translated somewhat illogically: “I knew when I myself was a teacher.” There is another variant inclined according to Akkusativ. It sounds like this: Ich kannte ihn schon als Lehrer. And it translates accordingly: "I knew him when he was still a teacher." Although, again, these phrases sound like this only in Russian, in German both options are very logical.
Second group
These, as already mentioned, include those prepositions that are controlled by only one case. And this is not uncommon, since many of them are. Here is a list of those who govern Akkusativ (accusative): wider, pro, um, ohne, per, gegen, je, durch, für, dis. An example would be the following sentence: Ich gehe durch den Straße. It translates as "I'm walking down the street." Next: prepositions that govern Dativ (dative). These include entgegen, aus, gemäß, mit, bei, seit, nach, zu, zuliebe, von, gegenüber. By the way, it is worth noting that many prepositions are combined with other words. And there are many such cases. For example, zu + sammenlegen - to add; vor + bei - past, etc. And the last group is those prepositions that govern Genitiv (genitive). Here are some of them: diesseits, unterhalb, oberhalb, jenseits, ungeachtet, infolge, and many others. It can be seen that the most complex prepositions belong to this group. And by the way, there are more of them than the rest. They also govern only one case.
Third group
These are the prepositions that govern two cases at once. These include the following words: unter, vor, neben, hinter, in, an, auf, über, zwischen. The words listed govern Akkusativ and Dativ. And in this case, everything depends on the context. For example, if the phrase contains the word “wohin?” (translation: “where?”) and then it is about an action carried out with a goal, then in this case the prepositions that are now being talked about are used with the Akkusativ case. Thus, the purpose of the action is syntactically indicated. It looks like this: “Er setzte sich neben mich” - he sat down next to me. In general, the topic of prepositions is quite simple, the main thing is to give it a little time and pay attention to the features that were listed earlier. In this case, it will be easier to study and remember. Preposition is not as difficult a topic as irregular verbs, and it is also very easy to practice. In general, any teacher will advise his student, who already more or less understands German speech, to immerse himself in the language environment if possible. Even if it is not possible to fly to Germany, then practice is possible at home. It is better to start with films, interviews, songs. It is known that auditory memory is one of the most faithful and reliable. The German language is easy to hear. The most important thing here is attention, because at first speech may seem incomprehensible, in principle, as is the case with other foreign languages, if a person hears them for the first time.
