Phrases studies a section of the Russian language called syntax. They differ in the structure and type of the main word. The article describes verb phrases, examples are given based on the context.
Classification of phrases
In Russian, a phrase is a set of two or more words, where one word is the main one, the others are dependent. There are several classifications of phrases.
According to the nature of the subordinating connection, word combinations are distinguished on the basis of agreement (the dependent word is likened to the main one in gender and case: fresh wind), control (the main word controls the nominal part of speech in the indirect case: be friends with sister) and adjoining (the words are related only in meaning: to draw beautifully).
Based on what part of speech the main word is, nominal, verbal, adverbial phrases are distinguished. In nominals, the main word is represented by a noun, adjective, pronoun or numeral: a tall house, someone cheerful, stubborn in a good way, ten in the car. If the main word is represented by a verb -These are verb phrases. Examples: get ahead, keep your word, negotiate. There are fewer adverbial phrases in Russian. The main word in them is an adverb: not yet soon, very calm, very painful.
Verbal and nominal phrases will be discussed in more detail below.
Relationships between members of phrases
Different relationships arise in word combinations with different structure. Where agreement is a definitive connection, control is an objective one, adjacency is a circumstantial one. Verbal and nominal phrases in the Russian language make up the vast majority. The subordinating relationship may be different.
Nominal is usually based on coordination (kite) and control (flowered dress), rarely on the junction (cafe in Sochi). Verbal phrases in Russian are based on control (talk to the artist) and adjunction (fold quickly). Thus, all three types of relations in phrases are equally common. When parsing phrases from the point of view of syntax, you should indicate its type by the main word, by the nature of the connection and by the features of the relationship.
Control in verb phrases
The verb, which is associated with a noun in the indirect case, illustrates such a nature of the subordinate connection as control. That is, those combinations of words that are built on control, where the main word is represented by a verb - these are verb phrases. Examples: bring from the city, go forfriend, see the sunset, drive past the square.
Governance standards
Some grammatical norms of management are connected with such phrases. So, the verb pay requires after itself a noun without a preposition in the accusative case (to pay for repairs), while the verb to pay is associated with the same noun, but with a preposition (to pay for repairs). Sometimes mistakes are made when using verbs with the meaning of visual perception. If the word watch is often used with the preposition na (look at the sunset), then the word admire the preposition is not required (to admire the sunset is a mistake, it is correct to admire the sunset).
Special is the verb miss, which controls the prepositional case, so it is correct to say miss the family, you, you. Some verbs after themselves require a noun in the genitive case, while they are often mistakenly used with the accusative: to be afraid, to achieve, to avoid, and others.
Adjunction in verb phrases
Combinations based on adjunction, where the main word is represented by a verb, that is, verb phrases, are very common. Examples: stand, thinking, look intently, came to talk, drink cocoa. In an adjunction, dependent words are expressed by an unchangeable word. It can be an infinitive, a gerund, a noun, an adverb, which are connected with the main word only in meaning.
Verb phrasesand compound predicates
A phrase where the main word is a verb and the dependent word is an infinitive verb can be difficult to distinguish from a compound verbal predicate. The fact is that such a predicate has a structure similar to that of a verb phrase. For example, I called to clarify - this is a phrase (the sentence is underlined as different members), but I wanted to clarify - a compound predicate (underlined as one member of the sentence).
It is not difficult to distinguish such constructions. In the compound verbal predicate, the infinitive is preceded by an ambiguous verb, which itself does not carry a semantic load: I started doing it, I wanted to share it, I decided to come. In a verb phrase with a dependent word infinitive, both verbs are full-valued: lay down to rest, agreed to take a walk, ordered to advance.
Examples of verb phrases from literature
There are such tasks in the Russian language, in which it is required to give examples of one or another linguistic phenomenon from fiction. Below are sentences with verb phrases taken from the texts of Russian writers. "The smooth voice of the non-commissioned officer is heard again." "Take good care of yourself." "He served well … with full diligence" (Korolenko V. G. "Wonderful"). "The frame of the glacier moves forward a little." "In clear weather, it dried up completely." "In the midst of … the troubles, August and September rushed by unnoticed" (Fet A. A. "Autumn Troubles"). "…greenish waves slid past." "…the city felt…gaze and stood sensitively and peacefully. "… the moon … stared intently … from a clear sky" (Turgenev I. S. "Asya").
