When studying the Russian language, one inevitably has to deal with various types of tropes and stylistic figures. They make our oral and written speech brighter and richer. These artistic means help to place accents on certain words or make a visual association. Trails have a lot of possibilities. Writers often resort to their help. Once you open any piece of fiction, you can easily find an example of tropes.
In this article we will analyze the existing types of trails, and also find out the meaning of this term.
What is a trope?
Trop is a rhetorical figure and is used to enhance imagery. It is used in a figurative sense, which helps to make the language more expressive. Paths are usually distinguished from stylistic figures. The latter are used simply to enhance expression, they do not have a figurative meaning. There are quite a number of types of trails. Now we will analyze the most common of them.
Metaphor
Probably everyone has ever heard of this type of trail. ATTranslated from Greek, the term "metaphor" means "figurative meaning". This is a word or even a whole expression used in a figurative sense. The basis of the metaphor is a comparison, the basis of which is a common feature. The name of one item is transferred to another based on their similarity. Metaphors are very common in fiction.
Example: The autumn of life, like the autumn of the year, must be gratefully received. (E. Ryazanov)
Here, the expression "autumn of life" is a metaphor. It is based on comparison with nature. Autumn is the time when nature withers, preparing to fall asleep before the long winter. This sign is transferred to human life, because the years are fleeting.
Incarnation
This look is pretty easy to spot in speech. It is based on likening an inanimate object to a living being. In other words, the qualities of a person are transferred to inanimate objects, which helps to create a vivid image. This type of trail is also quite common in works of art.
Impersonation Examples:
- Silent sadness will be comforted… (A. S. Pushkin). Obviously, sadness cannot be comforted, since it is a sign of a living being, which is assigned to this term.
- And the star speaks to the star (M. Yu. Lermontov). A star is an inanimate object and therefore cannot speak.
Comparison
Another type of trope in Russian, which is found quite often in the literature. It's pretty easy to spot him. This is a juxtaposition of different things.and phenomena. Very often, comparison is formed with the help of unions “as”, “as if”, “as if”, etc. Also, the comparative degree of an adjective can be used to form this path.
Examples comparison:
- As if through the fog of centuries (L. N. Tolstoy). Here, the comparison is formed using the union "as if".
- He looked like a clear evening (M. Yu. Lermontov). Here the comparison is expressed by the word "similar".
Hyperbole
This kind of trail can also be called an exaggeration. Hyperbole is not just a description of an object or phenomenon. This is a significant exaggeration of his qualities, attributes, and so on.
One of the examples in fiction is the phrase that everyone has heard - far away. It's not just far, it's incredibly, fabulously far. This is a deliberate exaggeration.
Litota
This trope can be contrasted with hyperbole. That is, a litote is a deliberate understatement of signs, phenomena, any qualities, and so on.
Litota is often found in fairy tales, stories and parables, so finding examples is easy.
For example, the expressions "a boy with a finger", "a man with a fingernail", known since childhood. Not just small, but literally tiny. This is a deliberate understatement to create a striking image.
