The Russian language is very rich in various grammatical constructions, which differ not only in structure, but also in meaning. A significant place in this system belongs to the infinitive sentence, it is very productive for expressing one's own thoughts. This form implies the absence of a subject, where the verb is a fairly independent unit in the text.
Different approaches to learning
Qualifying infinitive sentences is quite difficult, so there are many different points of view on their structure. Scientists A. A. Potebnya, E. M. Galkina-Fedoruk, V. L. Georgieva conducted a lot of research, coming to the conclusion that such concepts are just another form of impersonal constructions. This makes sense, but they are in no hurry to unite these groups.
A. A. Shakhmatov, E. I. Voinova and many other brilliant minds did not want to make such a decision, believing that infinitive and impersonal sentences are two different types ofits system and structure. They gave a large number of arguments confirming this view of things.
Today, many philologists and linguists approach the study of this concept in a broader sense. It is accepted that one-part infinitive sentences include those in which the verb acts as the main member.
Sentence structure
The construction with the infinitive primarily has a predicative core, that is, a part responsible for the categories of state, feelings. Moreover, these elements include a verb, which acts as a dependent part.
G. A. Zolotova gives the concept of the term, considering that they include those whose subject looks like a verb in its initial form, which is in a semi-predicative form, and it contains an assessment of any action. For example, in combination - "Being here is unreasonable."
An example of infinitive sentences is another option: "Honey! What to do with a situation where it's stupid to decide something!". Judgments of this kind have a number of differences, they have both semantic and grammatical foundations.
This variant of forms may well include a phrase similar in appearance, in which the predicate has the meaning of activity, the latter can affect the state of the subject of the situation:
"It's hard to carry the package".
The speaker evaluates and then expresses their point of view. She leaves a certain emotional imprint on him.
Two-part sentences
Infinitive sentences also include two-part sentences that have a predicative verb, and the presence of a subjective in the form of the nominative case is obligatory (Child - to play). Events of an actional orientation act as a predicative, which gives a certain basis. That is, in this case, the following construction will serve as an example: "The child began to play."
Proposals of structure-forming type
Infinitives can also be variants in which the main member is an independent verb, and it plays the role of a structure-forming element. As a result, a whole subdivision appears among similar structures. It has its own characteristics, which are based on the fact that the predicative combination is one main member, and not several, as was the case in previous versions. It is important that the words that make up the sentence are influenced by the main verb, so they are dependent.
This type differs from impersonal judgments with an infinitive in that the first one has a certain independence in the grammatical sense, that is, the change in the predicative does not depend on the change in other parts of the sentence. These words include, first of all - I want, I want, I have to, and others. Modal words may also be present - it is impossible and it is possible.
In such forms, the predicate plays the role of an active action, plus it expresses what can happen, probable, but only under specificfor this conditions.
As a rule, in such a speech it is assumed that there is a specific person who performs the indicated actions. It does not have to be used in a sentence, nothing depends on it, the main thing is that it exists, and it has its own separate position.
If the object is not used, then the reader guesses from the meaning of its participation and presence. This often happens when the text refers to one person. To avoid unnecessary repetition, the authors use infinitive sentences with a structure-forming function.
The presence of a subjective position
Having a subjective position is very important in a sentence. He is responsible for what act is performed and by whom. This shows some two-component nature of this type of structure. That is, for example, if such a speech is built, then it should contain a person in the dative case and a predicative verb that will talk about the need for activity, it will encourage.
For example: "Everyone be silent".
Modality
There is a type of infinitive sentences where a specific modality carrier is predetermined, having some feelings for the described reality. However, for such variants there is a common meaning consisting of an event in the future. It is important that the verb can express both the desired and the necessary, but the main thing is in relation to the future.
"I need to work" - servesthe best example, where you can see that the essence is turned to activity, and also shows the need for this in the future tense.
Modality type
Some forms of infinitive sentences have a specific possibility - they contain some kind of emotional coloring. It can be a possibility or probability, desire, unwillingness, expediency, impossibility and others.
The main part of the judgment, in truth, is aimed at reflecting precisely the meaning of necessity or desirability, obligation. These options are the most common. According to the form of modality, sentences are also divided into declarative and interrogative.
Narrative ones differ in that they carry an event, and it should be completed soon, emphasize its possibility, necessity, importance or desirability. The use of the additional particle "not" is very common in them, it makes the action opposite. ("I don't have to work"). We will deal with interrogative types below.
There is also a category of productions that have an existential meaning, often used in the texts of fairy tales. Its main feature is the presence of the verb "to be" in the infinitive form, respectively. It helps construct special sentences that have state or property values that are necessarily embellished with inevitability.
Mandatory in such cases, the presence of not only the modality of inevitability, but also the will, the motivation for a specific action,desirability and the like. Such a modality is capable of creating forms with a compelling or imperative meaning. Imperative views usually look like a command to act, have a strict and concise form, do not accept criticism and refusal.
It is also possible that there may be optative variants, grammatically they differ in the presence of the particle "would". That is, they are not strongly insistent. Most often, the words are addressed to the speaker himself, so he is the performer: "It would be necessary to play."
Interrogative sentences
Interrogative forms differ in that they carry the meaning of the probability of an action or its impossibility. It is important that the predicate will no longer be in the form of an infinitive, it will be a perfective verb.
Negative constructs
There are variants that are not limited to one particle "not", often they include both negative adverbs and pronouns, as well as derivatives from them.
It is important to understand this material as it is a necessary base. To test your abilities, replace the highlighted parts of sentences with infinitives of any type:
I can't see her face. 2. He only ran forward, because he needs it. 3. Until dawn, the fire will rage. 4. I don't see opportunities in the future. 5. How do you know this information about him?
Replace parts of sentences with infinitives to objectively assess your knowledge. If the material is not understood, study it morecarefully.
