Ivan Semenovich Kutyakov became famous for his military activities during the Civil War. At one time, under his command was the 25th Infantry Division. Ivan Semenovich headed the military unit immediately after the death of its previous commander, V. I. Chapaev. In addition, Kutyakov Ivan Semenovich, personal life, biography, whose achievements became the subject of our review, was a participant in the First World War.
Biography: origins
Ivan Semenovich was destined to be born in January 1897 in an ordinary peasant family, in the small village of Shalashi, Samara province. Now this is the village of Krasnaya Rechka in the Pugachevsky district of the Saratov region. The family of rural workers had 13 children. Ivan's parents worked for the landlords, they did not have their own barnyard, which would help the entire large family to survive. Subsequently, they were able to buy a cow and a small house. But by that time, only three children remained in the family, of which Ivan was the eldest.
By the age of seven, the future Red Army soldier was assigned by his parents to the blind man as a guide. His salary per day was 7 kopecks. Hiswork continued unabated. Soon he became an assistant to a local shepherd and worked like this until the age of 13. In winter, Ivan Kutyakov studied at a church school, which he graduated with a Certificate of Appreciation in his hands. The only one in its class. The reward for his successful education was not only a Commendation Sheet, but also a book - a rare thing in the home of poor villagers. At the age of 17, young Ivan Semenovich began to graze rural horses.
Personal life of Ivan Semenovich
Ivan managed to get married before his own conscription in the army in 1916. Unfortunately, there is almost no information about his first wife. It is known that she (there is also no name, unfortunately) was a native of the same village as her husband. A year after their marriage, a son, Vladimir, was born in a young family, baptized as Theodosius. Ivan Semenovich Kutyakov learned about the birth of his son while in the army. His first wife soon died of typhus then raging.
A few years later, on the fiery frontiers near Uralsk, young Kutyakov Ivan Semenovich, whose family was far from last, met his future second wife. Her name is Claudia Timofeevna, nee Dodonova. Subsequently, they lived happily ever after, son Vladimir called his father's second wife his mother and revered him as his own.
Kutyakov Ivan Semenovich: books
Since Ivan Semenovich was an extremely well-read person and did not interrupt his own studies, later education allowed him to write several works. For the most part, the books are memoirs about V. I. Chapaev: “Chapaev’s Battle Path”,"Vasily Ivanovich Chapaev", "With Chapaev on the Ural steppes". As well as “The Defeat of the Ural White Cossack Army”, “Red Cavalry and Air Fleet in the Deserts. 1924". There are about eight works in total, some of them have been reprinted.
Kutyakov Ivan Semenovich: "Kyiv Cannes"
There were no problems with the published works of Ivan Kutyakov. The exception was the book “Kyiv Cannes. 1920 . This is a handwritten work about the Soviet-Polish military operations in the 20th year of the last century. It expressed the personal thoughts and observations of the author. Like many other participants in the wars, Ivan Semenovich also described the events taking place in the country. However, it was this book that caused a lot of critical opinions and condemnations from the ruling elite and many of his colleagues. As a result of public censure, the book was released only once and has not been reprinted.
The book “Kyiv Cannes. 1920 was called by Kutyakov himself a loop. The fact is that in his work Ivan Semenovich spoke a lot and colorfully about the organization of the Belopolsky military forces, their armament and bearing. And at the same time, he criticized the actions of his superiors, for his part. Especially in the book, the activities of the First Horse Guards and other large units of military associations loomed negatively. According to higher military officials, the book was extremely one-sided. Moreover, when the book was read by Budyonny, he was especially indignant at what was written. The reasons were the previous responses of party workers, and their own observations. Heargued that the book absolutely does not reflect the constructive decisions of the ruling circles and tactical moves in military operations. Budyonny said that this material should not be published, so as not to embarrass the youth with these statements. After all, if the thoughts written in the book are inherently unpleasant for the experienced generation, then young people learn everything they see or feel.
The fate of the book and its admirers
Later, when Stalin led the proceedings on this issue, the Kyiv Cannes loop played a negative role in the fate of Ivan Kutyakov. He was accused of "all mortal sins", and the book was the last straw. Moreover, everyone who was involved in the admission to the press of his work, and also, having read it, did not report the thoughts expressed there, shared the fate of Ivan Semenovich. Several people were repressed and subsequently shot.
Martyrology
After all the events that have taken place, we can safely say that Kutyakov Ivan Semenovich is a martyrologist of his time. The concept of "martyrology" is translated from Latin as "a word about martyrs." In a broad sense, it refers to a list of victims of the war, martyrs of social and military repression. In his books, he tells the naked truth about what happened to him and his comrades. In some ways, even too straightforward. Especially in the "Kyiv Cannes", which were mentioned above.
Military career
The military service of young Ivan began at the age of 19, with his draft. He was sentto Astrakhan for training in an infantry regiment. After training, he went to the city of Tsaritsyn in the rank of officer (non-commissioned officer). Accordingly, he, as an officer, was put in charge of an entire department. At this time, the First World War was raging. On it, Ivan Kutyakov moved his subordinates towards the Romanian front.
During the revolution of 1917 Kutyakov Ivan Semenovich, whose photo you see in the article, became a Bolshevik. After a short military manipulation, Ivan Semenovich was able to return to his native village. At that time, in the village of Shalashi (Krasnaya Rechka), the head of the commissariat and the entire military district was V. I. Chapaev. With him, Ivan Semenovich develops the most friendly relations. A year later (1918), Chapaev led an infantry regiment, where Kutyakov could easily join. He was appointed head of the foot scouts, because he was in good standing.
After the death of Chapaev, Ivan Semenovich was appointed commander of the 25th Infantry Division, which was originally based in Samara and was called Zakharov's Samara Division. After that, Kutyakov's military career did not end, and for several years he was the commander of various divisions and detachments. It is known that in Moscow a few years before the execution, Ivan Semenovich married one more time, and that a son, Alexander, was born from this marriage, but the marriage quickly fell apart. However, many question this information.
Awards and memorable places in honor of Ivan Semenovich
At one time Kutyakov Ivan Semenovich, whose biography is full of interesting events, receivedseveral very high awards. So, in the period from 1919 to 1924, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of the RSFSR three times. In the interval between these years, he was awarded the Honorary Revolutionary Weapon, as well as the Order of the Red Banner of the Khorezm Republic. You can find out about Kutyakov's awards in the list of holders of the Order of the Red Banner.
Ivan Semenovich Kutyakov received a special award in such settlements as Pugachev, Saratov, Samara, Balakovo. In these places, streets are named after him. And at the chronicle film studio, director Kuibyshevsky shot a documentary film “Declared Enemy of the People”. In his native village of Krasnaya Rechka (Shalashi) there is a sculptural image and a school museum dedicated to the life and work of a Red Army officer.
Son Vladimir
As time passed, already being an adult commander, Ivan returned to his native village, where he had relatives: brothers, parents and son Vladimir. At that time, he took him with him, and later, after the second marriage, they made up a real full-fledged family. After Kutyakov was arrested in 1937, his son did not disown him. For this act, he was expelled from the naval school, which is located in St. Petersburg (at that time - in Leningrad).
Time passed, events changed along the course of which Vladimir Kutyakov swam. He was in the war, held engineering positions. He has a good and strong family. He ended his life in Samara. After this tragic event, his family's ties with the village of Krasnaya Rechka werediscontinued and still unknown. Where and how the direct descendants of the son of a famous Red Army soldier live now is not known for certain.
The character of Ivan Semenovich, according to contemporaries
From the memoirs of Kutyakov's contemporaries, he was an unpretentious man, as well as strict rules, especially in relation to himself. And this is not surprising, given that Ivan Semenovich began his military career when he was not yet 20 years old. Colleagues and friends noted that Kutyakov was a modest and honest man. And he also strove for similarity with V. I. Chapaev. He was also distinguished by his undoubted love for weapons and the time of Peter the Great. He knew a lot about Peter I and always tried to express his own opinion.
As stated in the memoirs of his friends, Ivan Semenovich was somewhat embarrassed by his low education, so he studied a lot and capaciously. I tried to cover everything that was possible: books, opera, ballet, museums, usefully delved into disputes and conversations. He never used his official position and did not promote relatives and friends in the service, did not get a job. However, he was always hospitable. When they came to visit him in Moscow, he always welcomed, placed in his house, showed the sights. In addition, he did not forget his roots and often visited his relatives in the village of Shalashi himself. When communicating with him, fellow countrymen noted that he was simple, talkative.
The death of Kutyakov Ivan Semenovich
In the late 30s of the last century, IvanSemenovich was arrested and, according to many opinions, completely unreasonably repressed. Documents about the arrest of the Red Army soldier are still kept in the school museum of the village of Krasnaya Rechka, Pugachevsky District. After conducting a short investigation, he was sentenced to death by firing squad. The execution was carried out a year after the arrest, at the end of 1938. However, according to other sources, the official death caught Ivan Kutyakov in the second year of the Second World War, in 1942, on September 23. In 1956, Ivan Semenovich was posthumously rehabilitated.
