For the first time, phrases and the way of connecting phrases are studied in the 4th grade, but they are considered in more detail only in the 5th. Most often, children are confused in the types of subordination. In order to understand the types of phrases, it is necessary to consider each of them in detail and analyze examples.
Methods of subordination in a phrase
A phrase is a combination of 2 or more words. These words are related in meaning, as well as grammatically. The peculiarity of all phrases is that they include the main and dependent words. Ways of connecting phrases is the most difficult topic for schoolchildren in the 5th grade. However, it is very important to study it because students will need it throughout their subsequent studies at school.
In total, linguists and philologists distinguish 3 ways of connecting the main and dependent words in phrases: agreement, adjunction, and control. Ways of subordination in a phrase are easily and very often confused. In order to be able to determine what type of subordination a phrase belongs to,it is necessary to understand them and consider in detail all the examples.
Connection type negotiation
The method of communication agreement in the phrase is quite common. Agreement is a type of connection in which the dependent word agrees with the main word in case, number and gender. This means that both words are inflected, but at the same time they change in the same way. A phrase with the type of agreement can consist of a noun, which usually plays the role of the main word, consistent with an adjective or ordinal number, participle, pronoun.
Examples of phrases with connection agreement
Considering the ways of linking phrases, it is necessary to give and analyze in detail all the examples in order to master the material well. All examples must be written off in a notebook, carefully analyzed, and worked with a pencil. Only in this case the material will be well learned and firmly remembered. First of all, in order to understand in practice what agreement is, it is necessary to analyze phrases with a connection. Examples:
Noun + adjective:
Beautiful house (what kind of house? beautiful). "House" is the main word, as it asks the question "what?". "Beautiful" is the dependent word in the phrase.
Green frog (what frog? green). "Frog" is the main word, as it asks a question to the addict.
Noun + ordinal number:
Fifth floor (which floor?fifth). Both words agree in number, gender, and case. The dependent word is the ordinal number "fifth", since a question is asked to it from the main one.
With the 100th buyer (with what buyer? 100th). The main word is "buyer", from him a question is asked to the ordinal number "hundredth".
Noun + participle:
Scattered things (what kind of things? scattered). The dependent word here will be the participle "scattered", since a question is asked to it from the main one.
Fallen foliage (what kind of foliage? Fallen). The main word is "foliage" because it asks a question.
Noun + pronoun:
With your mother (whose mother? yours). Both the dependent and the main words agree with each other in gender, number and case. The main word will be a noun, because it asks a question to a pronoun.
Such a man (what man? such). The main word will be "man", because it is from him that the question is asked to the dependent.
Pronoun + noun (participle or substantive adjective):
With someone cheerful (with someone what? cheerful). The main word will be the pronoun, since it asks the question to the dependent.
In something beautiful (in something what? beautiful). The main word is the pronoun, because the question to the dependent adjective is given from it.
Noun (substantiated adjective) + adjective:
White bathroom (Which bathroom? White). The main word will be a substantiated adjective, because it asks a question. The adjective "white" is dependent.
Tanned holidaymaker (what kind of holidaymaker? tanned). "Holiday" will be the main word, since the question comes from him, and "tanned" will be dependent.
Communication type control
Methods of linking phrases, as you know, are of three types. Management is another way to communicate. Most often, it is with him that confusion and problems arise among schoolchildren. In order to avoid them, it is necessary to consider this type of connection in more detail.
The connection method in the phrase control is a kind of subordinating connection in which the dependent word is used in the case that the main word requires (only indirect cases, that is, everything except the nominative). In management, children often have problems because it can be difficult to distinguish between management among other types. This type of connection should be given special attention and worked on more diligently. It must be remembered that all types of word combinations require a lot of practice and memorization of theory.
Examples of phrases with the connection control
Let's consider examples of phrases built on the control connection:
In connection with the phrases "management", most often the main word is a verb, and the dependent word is a noun:
Viewfilm (watch what? film). The main word is the verb "see". It asks the question "what?" to the noun "film". You can't say "watch a movie" because that would be a spelling mistake. In this phrase, the dependent word is used in the case that requires the main from it.
Running in jeans (Running in what? Jeans). The verb "run" is the main word, and "in jeans" is the dependent word.
Phrases with the connection control can consist of both an adjective and a pronoun:
Agree with him (agree with whom? with him). From the short adjective "agree" a question is asked to the pronoun, which means that it is the main one.
I'm sure of her (sure of whom? in her). The short adjective is the main word, and the pronoun to which the question is asked is the dependent.
Methods of linking phrases can be carried out so that the main word is an adjective, and a dependent noun
Red from frost (red from what? from frost). The adjective "red" is the main one in this phrase, and the noun "frost" is dependent.
Angry at daughter (Angry at whom? at daughter). The word "daughter" is addictive because it is being questioned by the addict.
Two nouns can also be part of a phrase:
Enemy of the people (enemy of whom? people). The noun "enemy" is the main one, since it asks a question to the dependent "people".
Spoon made of silver (spoon made of what? made of silver). The noun "spoon" is the main one, and the word "silver" is dependent.
The numeral can be the main one in the phrase, and the noun can be dependent
Three drops (three what? drops). "Three" is the main word, and "drops" is dependent.
Twelve months (twelve what? months). The numeral is the main word, and the noun is dependent.
The adverb can be the main word in the phrase with the connection control, and the noun is dependent:
To the left of the house (to the left of what? from the house).
Down the street (down what? down the street).
There are phrases where the main word is a gerund and the dependent word is a noun:
Following them (following who? following them). The gerund is the main word, because the question to the dependent comes from it.
Referring to the article (referring to what? to the article). The noun in the dative case in this phrase is a dependent word, because it is asked from the gerund participle "addressing".
Connection type adjoining
The connection method in the phrase adjunction is the final step in studying the types of connection of the phrase. In a phrase with a connection, both words, both dependent and main, are attached to each other only in meaning. The main word is immutable.
Examples of phrases with adjunction relation
Toto understand how the adjacency connection is carried out, it is necessary to analyze in detail all kinds of examples:
Noun, verb, adjective + verb infinitive:
The opportunity to stay (the opportunity to do what? to stay). It is known that the adjacency connection is carried out only by meaning. The noun "opportunity" is the main word, while the infinitive of the verb "remain" is dependent because it is being questioned.
Other examples: the decision to meet, the desire to leave, the science of thinking, the desire to learn. In all phrases, the main word will be a noun, and the dependent word will be an infinitive.
Allowed to kiss (allowed what? to kiss). Both members of the phrase are verbs. The main word will be the verb "allowed", and the dependent - the infinitive "kiss".
Other examples: likes to walk, came to laugh, wants to come, decided to read. In all these examples, the dependent word will be the infinitive, and the main word will be the verb.
Got to go (Got to do what? go). The main word is the short adjective "should", and the dependent, to which the question is asked, is the infinitive.
Other examples: turn right, glad to see, ready to respond. In all the examples given, the main word will be a short adjective, and the dependent word will be an infinitive.
Noun + adverb:
Turn right (turn where? right). The main word is the noun "turn", and the dependent adverb is "right".
Types of phrases by the main word
Having gone through the methods of subordination in a phrase, they proceed to the study of the topic of types of phrases by the main word. In total, 3 groups of phrases are distinguished by the main word.
Nominal phrases
Nominal phrases are such phrases in which the main word is a noun, pronoun, adjective or numeral. Examples of nominal phrases: pink elephant (the main word is a noun), five drops (the main word is a numeral), glad to try (the main word is a short adjective), she is good (the main word is a pronoun).
Verb phrases
Verbal phrases are such phrases in which the main word, as a rule, is a verb. Examples of verb phrases: go far, tell a lie, come to see, go joyfully (the main words in these phrases are verbs).
Adverbial phrases
Adverbial phrases are phrases in which the main word is an adverb. Examples of adverbial phrases: always good, top secret, far from Russia (the main words in these phrases are adverbs).
Types of connection of phrases are easy to remember if you practice often, and also learn the necessary theory.
