Medical cybernetics is a new direction in science that compiles solutions to diagnostic problems and the latest computer developments. This approach allows us to combine the use of necessary medical devices and devices with human he alth care.
History of medical cybernetics
Unfortunately, for a number of reasons, domestic medical cybernetics began its development with a significant lag. Only in 1959 this discipline was restored in its rights and began to actively develop along with other sciences.
In the Soviet Union, the first system of medical diagnostics was created in 1964. It was then in the laboratory of the Institute of Surgery. Vishnevsky developed the first automatic system for diagnosing congenital heart disease. Later, in 1969, the Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery developed an algorithm to automatically diagnose heart valve disease.
First serial devices for laboratory diagnosticsbegan to be produced at the plant. Semashko in the 70s of the last century. By this time, automatic control systems (ACS) were considered not a curiosity, but an absolutely necessary tool in the work of a doctor. For example, the Symphony monitoring complex was developed for surgeons, which made it possible to monitor the patient's condition during surgical operations, the first system for providing medications, Apteka, and others were adopted. This is how medical cybernetics began to develop in our country.
Development of cybernetics by the end of the twentieth century
New principles of laboratory diagnostics of various diseases assumed the presence of a staff of trained specialists. Thus, a new discipline appeared in medical universities - "Medical Cybernetics". The speci alty immediately attracted applicants with its novelty and prospects. The first graduation of cybernetics doctors took place in 1979 at the Faculty of Medicine and Biology of the Second Moscow Medical Institute.
By the mid-1980s, cybernetic principles for solving many medical problems were becoming an everyday reality. In large cities, diagnostic centers are appearing, equipped with modern automated control systems, which allow diagnosing the most severe diseases based on the results of tests. In centralized he althcare institutions - hospitals, hospitals, sanatoriums - logs of automated processing of incoming medical data are created, beds are recorded in each institution through new automated complexes, and an appointment with a doctor is made.
What cybernetics studies
Detailed information aboutin all areas of this section of science can be provided by the Department of Medical Cybernetics of any medical university in our country. In general, science studies the interaction of control processes occurring in wildlife, the coordinated operation of various systems, the ability to respond to external stimuli, return to its original state after external influence, and so on.
Because the laws of system change are universal, they can be used very widely. For example, medical cybernetics uses the principles of system interaction in the development of control technologies in he althcare and practical medicine. Within the framework of this scientific area, mechanisms for correcting life processes are being developed, methods for recognizing serious diseases at the earliest stages of the pathological process are being improved.
System Components
In practice, it looks like this. Any modern diagnostic system consists of three components:
- memory, which stores all medical information related to this group of diseases (symptoms, test results, etc.);
- logical device that allows you to process current information by comparing the symptoms of the patient, the results of his medical examination with the available data;
- output devices of the received analysis - display, printer, etc.
How diagnostic machines work
When creating a diagnostic device, the first step is to develop a method for formally describing the state of he althof the examined person, analyze all the clinical signs of the disease. From the received array of information, only those data are selected that are suitable for quantitative analysis. In addition to numerical parameters, information about the frequency of clinical signs, their classification and assessment is important for making a correct diagnosis.
All received information is stored in the memory of the computing device. At the time of receipt of current data on the patient's condition, the machine compares the existing symptoms with those stored in the computer's memory. Thus, a preliminary examination map of the patient is drawn up, a possible diagnosis is made.
What hardware diagnostics can do
The logic of the process is comparable to the conclusions of a diagnostician - the available signs lead to a diagnosis that is based on all previous medical experience.
Such diagnostic systems can issue a conclusion only on those diseases, information about which is loaded into the machine's memory. An apparatus designed to diagnose heart disease is unlikely to be able to recognize laryngitis or osteochondrosis, even if all visible signs are present. ACS is unable to detect a new disease. To do this, the machine's memory simply does not contain the appropriate data. But the automated system will significantly help the doctor in compiling diagnostic charts, comparing statistical data, making complex diagnoses and other things.
Diagnosing isn't everything. Monitoring the treatment processthe use of various physiotherapy procedures also requires sophisticated modern equipment with unique software, which is also developed by medical cybernetics.
Speci alty
Universities graduating specialists of this profile are usually medical. Good training programs offer:
- Siberian State University of the Ministry of He alth (Tomsk).
- Voronezh State University.
- Pskov State University.
- Krasnoyarsk state honey. university. Voyno-Yatsenetsky.
For everyone who wants to study such a discipline as "Medical Cybernetics", universities offer to take a short course of pre-university training (zero faculty). Here, students update their own knowledge of school subjects - mainly mathematics, physics and biology. Each listed educational institution has a corresponding faculty. "Medical Cybernetics" is not the only speci alty there. On the websites of such faculties, you can familiarize yourself with the preliminary training plan, which contains a list of theoretical disciplines and practical classes studied.
How to get a degree in Medical Cybernetics?
For admission, the results of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language, mathematics and biology are important. Passing score - from 77 and above. The term of training for a specialist is six years. It is possible to obtain bachelor's, specialist's or master's degrees in the speci alty Medicalcybernetics.”
Moscow universities that train specialists in this area are represented by only one educational institution - the Russian National Research University. Pirogov. In 2016, he received a state order for the training of students, and now 16 people will receive higher education in this speci alty at the expense of the state.
The need for specialists in this profile is growing year by year, and the list of educational institutions that train medical cybernetics will increase.
Applied Medical Cybernetics
Universities in Russia have developed their curricula in such a way that theoretical disciplines complement and expand the practical knowledge of the future medical worker. Students of medical institutions are trained in the following areas:
- hardware diagnostics and treatment;
- development of automated systems;
- Methods for setting up and managing medical equipment;
- solving organizational problems in the he althcare system.
The widespread introduction of computerization and automatic control systems has led to a sharp reduction in paper workflow. From their workplaces, medical personnel enter information into computers, receiving the results of the analysis of the entered data as an output. In addition, the form of obtaining information from a common database has changed significantly, the time for processing requests has been reduced, and reporting forms have been simplified. All this has led to a significant increasethe effectiveness of the work of the personnel of medical institutions. Medical cybernetics played a significant role in this improvement. This profession, therefore, is quite interesting. Where can a specialist work?
Fields of activity
A graduate of a university with a degree in Medical Cybernetics can work in the field of instrumental or laboratory diagnostics. In other words, to create medical equipment and maintain it.
Integrated automation systems simplify the control over the work of he alth care facilities, help automate various medical processes - up to the most complex surgical operations. Therefore, medical cybernetics is in demand in the administrative departments of he alth care institutions, and specialists in this field can order, install, repair and improve such equipment.
Alternative employment
Scientific activities or teaching can serve as additional areas of work. Higher education institutions are willing to hire specialists with experience in practical work on medical equipment.
No less interested in medical cybernetics specialists are various enterprises specializing in the repair and modernization of existing automatic control systems. Cybernetics are expected in firms that create software for devices, settings of existing software withcurrent requirements and more.
