Fundamental applied research in science is becoming increasingly important every year. In this regard, the issue of determining the place of applied research and fundamental sciences is relevant.
The role of applied and fundamental research in science is obvious not only in theoretical but also in socio-economic terms.
History Pages
As the scientific and technological revolution continues, the share of engineering and applied research is increasing. But since fundamental science is a combination of several branches of knowledge, it is difficult to talk about fundamental exploratory research without significant and systematic research.
Only in the case of the correct ratio of developments and applications for applied sciences, we can talk about the development of this direction. The Academy of Basic Sciences systematizes individual developments and research, is responsible for organizing the normal operation of all applied industries.
Problems
Since fundamental science is a combination of various types of research,there are problems associated with the selection of research methodology. For example, it is difficult to identify fundamental, search areas that are not related to modern practice, but are capable of positively influencing the restructuring in the field of technological production. For example, physics is a fundamental science, on the basis of which innovative mechanisms and productions are developed.
Factors influencing research
What is the role of applied and fundamental science research in modern society? This issue has been studied by sociologists for a long time period. It was possible to establish the relationship between the directions chosen for scientific work and external economic, social, cultural features.
Even in the case of a skillful strategy of the leader of the experiment, with full planning, predicting the study, there are often a lot of problems that slow down the results. Since fundamental science is a systematic approach to conducting a variety of experiments and research, any delay often leads to the need for a series of repeated experiments.
With unilateral stimulation of applied branches of science or when conducting only theoretical research, it is difficult to count on a positive result, the creation of materials that contribute to the development of science. In this case, the role of fundamental science for social society will be minimal, and there is no talk of any progress.
Currently indomestic fundamental and applied science has seen positive trends for transformation and development. The state authorities are taking certain measures aimed at strengthening the importance of applied research.
The difference between applied and basic research
Fundamental science is those studies that are aimed at analyzing new phenomena, processes, effects, discovering laws that would explain processes and control them.
When conducting applied research, fundamental research is used in the interests of social society. Representatives of the fundamental school often do not think about the benefits that open laws and phenomena will bring to practical activity. For example, chemistry is a fundamental science of nature that characterizes the interactions of chemicals, analyzes the mechanisms of transformations.
In order to use this knowledge, this science has many applied areas. It is they who are responsible for the practical implementation of open fundamental rules and laws, principles and results, reading the economic profit that is possible.
Relationship between applied and fundamental research
For a long period of time, fundamental and applied research were opposed to each other, resulting in a huge gap between science andpractice that has a negative impact on the economic development of the country. The pragmatic and utilitarian approach to scientific research, which involves focusing on instant practical results, as well as the option that involves obtaining pure knowledge, is irrelevant and unacceptable for the full existence and development of science.
The ideal situation is one in which fundamental knowledge is supplemented and confirmed by applied research and experiments.
The fundamental laws of the objective world are the basis for use in practice, they form the basis for scientific and technological progress. Research in various applied fields allows us to put forward fundamental problems, to make important fundamental discoveries based on research. It is more correct to talk about applied and fundamental nature within the same scientific discipline.
Why is biology a fundamental science? This issue is of particular importance in view of the directions analyzed in this science. Having an idea about the features of the structure and functioning of living organisms, it is possible to identify problems and look for ways to eliminate them. Thanks to the existence of fundamental biology, the pharmaceutical and chemical industries are developing, and innovations are being made in medicine.
Depending on the specifics of science, there is a different connection between its theoretical and practical results with social life, real production. The division of ongoing research into applied and fundamental was caused byan increase in the scale of scientific work, as well as an increase in the application of its results in practice.
The importance of scientific research
Science as a specific form of social institution and consciousness appears and is formed as a kind of knowledge of the laws of the natural world, contributes to the purposeful mastery of them, the subordination of natural elements for the benefit of mankind. Of course, even before the discovery of various laws, people used the forces of nature.
But the scale of such interaction was very limited, mostly they were reduced to observations, generalizations, the transfer of recipes and traditions from generation to generation. After the emergence of the sciences of nature (geography, biology, chemistry, physics), practical activity acquired a rational path of development. For practical implementation, they began to apply not empiricism, but the objective laws of wildlife.
Separation of theory from practice
Immediately after the emergence of fundamental science, action and cognition, practice and theory began to complement each other, together to solve certain problems that would significantly increase the level of social development.
In the process of the progress of science, there is an inevitable specialization and division of labor in the field of research. Even in the theoretical realm, there is a separation of experiments from the fundamental base.
Industrial Significance
Experimental base in chemistry, physics, biology at presentassociated with industrial production. For example, modern installations for the implementation of thermonuclear transformations are presented in full accordance with the factory reactors. The main goal of the applied industry is currently considered to be the testing of certain hypotheses and theories, the search for rational ways to implement the results in a specific production.
Space exploration
After the separation of applied and theoretical activities in natural science, new types of applied disciplines appeared: technical physics, applied chemistry. Among the interesting areas of technical knowledge, radio engineering, nuclear energy, and the space industry are of particular importance.
Many results of fundamental technical disciplines, for example, strength of materials, applied mechanics, radio electronics, electrical engineering, are not directly applied in practice, but various industrial productions operate on their basis, without which it is impossible to create any modern electronic gadget.
Currently, no one considers technical disciplines as separate areas, they are being introduced into almost all branches of natural science and production.
New trends
To solve complex and complex technical problems, new tasks and goals are set for applied areas, separate laboratories are created in which not only fundamental, but also applied research is carried out.
For example, cybernetics, as well as related disciplines, contribute to the modeling of processes occurring in nature, livingorganisms, help to study the features of the ongoing processes, to look for ways to solve the identified problems.
This is a confirmation of the relationship between applied and fundamental scientific research.
Conclusion
Not only sociologists, based on the results of ongoing research, talk about the need to find a close relationship between applied experiments and scientific fundamental laws. The scientists themselves understand the urgency of the problem, they are looking for ways out of the current situation. Academician P. L. Kapitsa has repeatedly recognized the artificiality of the division of science into applied and basic parts. He always emphasized the difficulty of finding that fine line that would become the boundary between practice and theory.
A. Yu. Ishlinsky said that it is "abstract sciences" that are able to make the maximum contribution to the formation of society, its development and formation.
But at the same time, there is also feedback, which involves the application of practical research results to explain scientific facts and the laws of nature.
All experiments of an applied nature, which are not fundamental in nature, are aimed specifically at obtaining a specific result, that is, they involve the implementation of the results obtained in real production. That is why the search for the relationship between scientific and practical areas is highly relevant when working in research centers and specialized laboratories.
