Phraseologisms, stable small indivisible phrases, and winged expressions are often used in everyday speech. Thanks to these well-aimed, vivid sayings, she becomes more lively and emotional. The words included in the phraseological turnover most often do not correspond to their lexical meaning at all and are used not in a literal, but in a figurative sense, however, everyone perfectly understands what is at stake. For example: running without looking back - very fast, in the middle of nowhere - somewhere very far, Achilles' heel - a weak spot, buying a pig in a poke - buying a product without knowing anything about its merits.
Why phraseologisms are needed
Sometimes, in order to achieve the desired speech effect, it is difficult to find clear and figurative words. Phraseologisms help to more accurately and emotionally convey irony, mockery, bitterness, love - all human feelings. They make it possible to express your idea more clearly and convey it to the interlocutor.
Oftenusing phraseological units in everyday speech, we don’t even notice it, we don’t think about how to make a sentence with a phraseological unit - we just pronounce it automatically, because popular expressions are familiar and familiar to every person since childhood. Many of them came to us from legends and fairy tales, from other languages and eras.
Is it easy to make a sentence with a phraseological unit? Easier than a steamed turnip if you know their main features.
Signs of phraseological units
- Phraseological units are absolutely stable phrases, they do not tolerate arbitrary replacement or omission of words, as well as their unmotivated rearrangement. For example, instead of the expression “spit on the ceiling” (idle), you should not say “spit on the window” (the expression takes on a literal meaning).
- Many phraseological units are replaced by one word: eye to eye (in private), a drop in the ocean (little), more than enough (a lot).
- If you make a sentence with a phraseological unit, then regardless of the number of words, it is one member of the sentence (subject, predicate, circumstance, etc.).
- Phraseologisms have one or more different meanings: grandmother's tales are fables; go crazy - lose your mind - do stupid things - get carried away with something or someone.
On the correct use of phraseological units
To correctly compose a sentence with a phraseological unit, you need to accurately understand its meaning, this will help to avoid ridiculous speech errors. It is unacceptable to use distorted variants of set phrases, inappropriate ortheir incorrect application. Here is a simple example: "Today, seeing off the last journey of the students of our school, I would like to say parting words to them." There is an example of the incorrect use of phraseological units: to see off the last journey means to participate in the funeral.
The same phrase can be used both literally and figuratively. Here is a simple test: in the examples below, indicate the sentence with the idiom:
- Finally, spring has come to the river, the ice has broken.
- The ice has broken, gentlemen of the jury.
Obviously, in the first sentence, the words are used in their direct meaning, in the second - this is a phraseological unit, meaning that the matter has begun.
The role of phraseological units in various speech styles
The use of phraseological units and popular expressions in journalism, fiction and just in colloquial speech is associated with their figurativeness and expression, rich expressive possibilities. They help to avoid stereotyping, facelessness and dryness in speech communication. For example, the expression "go through fire and water" is a figurative designation for overcoming all obstacles.
Bookish phraseological units at the same time have a higher expressive and stylistic coloring and give speech poetry, solemnity. Colloquial sayings allow you to express familiarity, irony, contempt, etc.
Phraseologisms are almost always figurative, vivid expressions. This is an important feature of the language, used as ready-made comparisons,definitions as emotional characteristics of the surrounding reality.
