The growth and formation of the state and society is a very long and intense process associated with confrontations and inter-tribal struggle. First of all, the basis for the state is the order and coherence of the actions of individuals and communities.
The materialistic theory of the origin of the state is based on building in the minds of the people of the ancient world a model of primitive government and domination. Starting from tribes and communities, people united in large groups, this required the organization of their lives and the orderliness of actions and forces. The formation of statehood and the concept of a legal system originates from the time of the growth of a person's personality, the definition of his desires and needs. This is not about instincts and the minimum set of requirements, but about the aspirations of people to form a strong community that can protect itself from enemies and feed all its members.
Materialistic theory of the origin of the state
Organizations of tribes and clans were replaced by states. The number of prosperous and strong communities inevitably grew, they were joined by other tribes in the course of conquest and consolidation of forces. This inevitably led to the emergence of material interests and division of labor. Everyone was obliged to work or protect their lands and tribe. The interest of people in the growth of goods has led to the fact that individual families began to stand out from the rest. To contain interests and preserve peace in the community, it was necessary to establish order. They have always been in the past, but these were customs that were not strict.
The materialistic theory of the origin of the state and law points to the root of the origin of power. According to the thoughts of adherents of the theory, its basis is class inequality.
State: causes of occurrence
The historical materialist theory of the origin of the state names the following reasons for its emergence:
- division of labor and activities;
- appearance of surplus product in individual families.
These reasons are economic. First of all, the formation and separation of classes was based on labor and the number of family members. Some made tools, others utensils, hunted game or were engaged in gathering. As a result, people began to exchange goods. And, as a result, some of them became economically more successful. So there was a division into classes. As social groups develop, itonly took root and grew stronger.
The Emergence of Power
The state and law (according to the materialistic theory of origin) were called upon to represent the interest of the we althy and to restrain the less successful tribesmen. This happened in the course of the growth of differences between different social strata, the formation of a power capable of regulating the interests of the dominant group was required. It was natural to form an authoritative body from among the we althy members of society.
The materialistic theory of the origin of the state is summarized as the allocation of classes based on the economic superiority of some over others. She also explains the emergence of power as a necessary leverage over the vast majority of the oppressed class.
Materialistic class theory of the origin of the state in the works of politicians
According to the statements of K. Marx, F. Engels, V. I. Lenin and G. V. Plekhanov, a state that represents the interests of the we althy and oppresses the poor is temporary. Social justice is restored along with the erasure of class distinctions.
According to the conjectures of Friedrich Engels, the existence of the state as a mechanism of power is forced, since the difference between classes requires the establishment of control over them using various measures. Previously, people could do without the state and power. An organization that emerged from the needs of society, the state, alienates itself from its origins, gradually moving away from its interests.citizens.
The difference between a state and a tribal community lies in its binding to the territory and dividing it according to economic principles. Also, the differences, according to Engels, are expressed in the emergence of public institutions that oblige citizens to comply with laws and rights. Armed force and mandatory tax collections serve as measures to ensure state control over citizens. It is they who destroy the apparatus of statehood, because over time they develop into international loans necessary for the maintenance of the state itself.
Theory and Revolution
According to supporters of the materialistic theory of the origin of the state in the second half of the 19th century, production possibilities have increased so much that the contradiction of production forces and relations has become obvious. Class inequality has lost its relevance and has become a serious obstacle to further development. This problem can be solved with the help of revolutionary actions and the establishment of equality between different social strata of society.
