History

The Neo-Babylonian kingdom emerged after a successful uprising against the Assyrian Empire. It flourished under Nebuchadnezzar II and was conquered by Persia. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

In the history of jurisprudence, "Institutions" as an integral part of the code of Justinian is the most important component in the codification of Roman law. They became part of the Corpus iuris civilis, created by decree of Justinian I, Emperor of Byzantium. Their text is based on the "Institutions" of the famous jurist Gaius, created by him in the 2nd century. At the same time, the works of other authors of the 2nd-3rd centuries were also used. We are talking about Ulpian, about Marcian and Florentine. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The clerk is the lowest administrative position in the Russian state of the 16th-18th centuries. The duties of the clerks included the main office work in central and local state institutions. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Minsk ghetto is a terrible page of the bloodiest war in history. Wehrmacht troops occupied the Belarusian capital on June 28, 1941. Three weeks later, the Nazis created a ghetto, which later contained one hundred thousand prisoners. Slightly more than half survived. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

On February 19, 1905, the battle of Mukden began. This battle became the bloodiest and largest in the entire Russo-Japanese War. About 500 thousand people participated in that clash, and the losses amounted to 160 thousand, that is, about a third of the entire composition of the armies. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Reinhard Heydrich - a well-known political and statesman of Nazi Germany, who headed the General Directorate of Imperial Security at the beginning of the war. He was one of the initiators of the so-called "Final Solution to the Jewish Question", coordinated activities to combat the internal enemies of the Third Reich. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Do we remember the names of the brave ones who won victory over fascism for us? The hero of our story is Sokolovsky Vasily Danilovich (1897-1968) - Hero of the Soviet Union. He was one of the leaders of the legendary battle for Moscow. Today, connoisseurs of military affairs consider him the owner of a genuine talent as a military leader. He is called strong-willed, resolute, purposeful and courageous, ready to devote himself entirely to the holy cause of defending the Motherland. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

In general, the order is very beautiful, it is large and clearly visible, as befits such a distinction. Full cavaliers of the Order of Glory wore three stars on their chests, differing in color. The difference was in what metal the awards were made from. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

A mace is a melee weapon, the features of which are a short shaft and a pommel made of stone. This is a shock-shattering weapon that has a long and glorious history. The ancient peoples of South and North America, Australia, Asia, Europe and Africa for many centuries widely used this type of weapon. During the First World War, one could meet a mace on the battlefields as the main means of fighting the enemy. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Common ancient Russian melee weapons - shestoper. It was especially actively used in the XIII-XVII centuries. In fact, this is one of the varieties of the mace, to which several metal plates in the form of feathers are welded. Appeared from multi-blade maces. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The article is devoted to the history of the medieval Georgian kingdom, the text tells about the reasons for its appearance and decline, about the two greatest Georgian rulers: King David the Builder and Queen Tamara, under whom Georgia achieved the highest military and political successes. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Yaropolk Vladimirovich, whose years of life date back to 1082-1139, was the son of the Grand Duke of Kyiv Vladimir Monomakh (before that, Prince of Smolensk, Chernigov, Pereyaslavsky). Under his rule, the once united Old Russian state, called Kievan Rus, collapsed. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

How many mysteries the ancient Egyptian civilization keeps, which left a huge legacy and had a strong influence on world culture, no one knows. From the school curriculum, everyone probably remembers the main statement that all power in ancient Egypt belonged exclusively to male pharaohs. But relatively recently, this postulate was recognized as erroneous, and they started talking about the rulers of a developed ancient state as a well-known fact. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

XVIII - what century is this? What were the customs and customs then? What was the society of that time? We will answer these and other questions in the article. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The article tells about the outstanding English archaeologist Howard Carter, who discovered the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun in 1922. A brief overview of his life and scientific activities is given. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Russia is a unique state. One of the main problems of the state structure is the territorial organization of state power. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Stratigraphic scale (geochronological) is a standard by which the history of the Earth is measured in terms of time and geological magnitude. This scale is a kind of calendar that counts time intervals in hundreds of thousands and even millions of years. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Prehistoric animals (dinosaurs, mammoths, cave bears, saber-toothed tigers, sea giants) that lived millions of years ago still amaze human imagination. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Barbara Radziwill, whose biography is presented below, has become the main character of many ballads, poems and plays. Later, in the 20th century, the Polish monarch’s love story for her inspired filmmakers more than once to create romantic films about the fate of this “Lithuanian Juliet”. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

In the modern political lexicon, such a concept as the "New Middle Ages" has already firmly established itself. What does it mean? The concept of the New Middle Ages has already been reflected in literature. For the first time, N. A. Berdyaev expressed his opinion about this phenomenon. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The prehistory of writing goes back to the primitive communal system. It was then that people began to develop the skills to convey a variety of messages using drawings. A little later, a person came to the convenience of depicting concepts in writing in the form of combinations of sounds, which, in turn, denoted letters. This is how the ancient alphabets appeared. Where and how was the first word recorded? What is the disadvantage of the ancient alphabet and how did you manage to overcome it? Let's try to figure it out. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

From ancient times, when there was a lack of evidence in a court case, different peoples had a tradition to entrust "in God's hands" the right to accuse or acquit. The original methods by which the "judgment of God" was carried out were ordeals - various trials, the list of which is very long. Based on whether the alleged criminal successfully passed these tests or not, his judges passed a sentence, which was considered the will of the Almighty. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The feat of Alexei Maresyev, the legendary Soviet pilot who lost both legs during World War II, is known to everyone today. The willpower and desire for life of the hero managed to defeat death first, and then disability. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The Palestinian problem is one of the most difficult issues for the world community. It arose in 1947 and formed the basis of the Middle East conflict, the development of which is still observed. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Vasilyeva Larisa Nikolaevna is a famous Russian poetess, writer and public figure. During her long life, she managed to publish more than 20 books, many of which became bestsellers in Russia. But what do we know about this woman? What is her fate? And what inspired her to take the path of a writer?. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The partisan movement during the war significantly helped the USSR army in the fight against the invaders. The power of these detachments was provided by the central headquarters of the partisan movement. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Practically all states are somehow divided into regions, districts, etc., depending on the structure of the country. In this regard, Poland is no exception. The administrative division of the state implies the division of the country into voivodeships. These units are entrusted with special functions of self-government. Voivodeships of Poland have their own capitals - the largest administrative centers in each of the regions of the country. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Bible traditions should not be evaluated only from a religious and literary point of view. Sudden scientific discoveries confirm events that our ancestors considered only poetic myths. The same story happened with the description of 10 Egyptian plagues. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Skater Alexei Urmanov is an outstanding person who embodied the best qualities of an athlete and actor on the ice. His whole life is spent in endless training, but he never forgets for a minute about the family with whom he spends all his free time. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

In the history of Russia there were many periods when foreigners controlled the main state affairs. Most often they were representatives of the German lands. It is with one of the Germans that the term "Bironism" is associated. This concept is negative. Although not everything is as simple as it might seem at first glance. Last modified: 2025-06-01 07:06

Armand de Caulaincourt is a French military and political figure, known for his memoirs dedicated to Napoleon's campaign in Russia, as well as close friendship with the leaders of the two great empires, who met in 1812 in a bloody battle. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

In the Vologda Oblast, on the bank of the beautiful Sukhona River, one of the oldest northern Russian cities, Veliky Ustyug, is located. This is an amazing and fabulous place, from the very name of which it smells of hoary antiquity. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Very curious verbal portraits of Russian peasants in the "Notes of a Hunter" give rise to interest in this social stratum in our time. The peasantry for a long time was a numerous layer of the society of our state, therefore it has a rich history and many interesting traditions. Let's explore this topic in more detail. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

Kaspar Hauser is one of the mysterious personalities of the 19th century. The appearance of Hauser in Nuremberg and the peculiarities of his behavior. The version about the noble origin of the young man. The life and death of Kaspar Hauser. Kaspar Hauser syndrome: features and causes of a mental disorder. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

At the Lycée "Fénelon" in Paris, Charlotte Casiraghi was a diligent student, receiving only the highest scores. Especially the little princess loved the humanities and excelled in literature. As a result, I received a certificate with honors. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

In an incredibly picturesque place, where as many as five tributaries of the Avon River merge together, there is a small town in Wiltshire County in England - Salisbury. The city gained wide popularity not only in its own country, but throughout the world thanks to the highest in the UK, the majestic Cathedral of the Virgin Mary, which can rightfully be put on the same line with Notre Dame in Paris and the Duomo in Milan. A prominent representative of English Gothic is better known as Salisbury Cathedral. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

People think they are omnipotent. They turn rivers back, fly into space and descend to the bottom of the ocean. But this is just an illusion. We still remain defenseless in the face of natural disasters. Recently, scientists have been talking about this more and more often, predicting the repeated eruption of the Toba and Yellowstone volcanoes. How does this threaten humanity? What were the consequences of the eruption of supervolcanoes tens of thousands of years ago? Let's listen to the opinion of experts. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The article tells about the historical path traveled by the movement of anarchists who professed the freedom of the individual from state power, but at the same time failed to form into a single political party. A brief outline of the main stages of their activities is given. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

On February 15, 1989, the USSR carried out the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan. How much do we know about this war, for whose interests it was fought? And in general, why did the troops withdraw as much as 10 years?. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01

The British monarchy has a long history, and it has survived to the present day. With this form of government, Great Britain became a powerful state, expanding its territories, including through colonies. About the British Monarchy, the history of its origin, development and current state will be described in the article. Last modified: 2025-01-23 12:01