Country Uzbekistan is one of the three fastest growing countries in Central Asia. Thanks to a competent economic policy, as well as huge reserves of natural resources, almost all types of industry are developed here. This country will be of interest not only to tourists, but also to young entrepreneurs, because Uzbekistan has favorable prospects for business development. Let's get acquainted with this state, which was part of the USSR a quarter of a century ago.
Interesting facts from history
Uzbekistan is the historical homeland of the great ancient scientists, the country of the Great Silk Road and the very heart of Central Asia. Now it is one of the most developing modern states in the CIS. The first state formations on the territory of modern Uzbekistan appeared in the 7th century BC: these are the famous Sogdiana, Bactria and Khorezm. It was they who laid the foundation for the development of almost all ancient Turkic cultures. Ancient history can be conditionally divided into 5 major periods:
- 4th century BCe. - Alexander the Great conquered Sogdiana and Bactria and ruled in these states before the Khorezmshahs came to power.
- From the 5th century to the 7th century AD e. there was a flourishing of ancient Khorezm, the reign of the Afrigid dynasty was marked by the development of culture, science and poetry.
- At the end of the 10th century, this state was captured by Turkic nomads - the Ghaznavids, who continued the work of the previous ruler and in every way encouraged the development of poetry, mathematics and music. It was at the Ghaznavid court that such great minds as Al-Beruni, Firdowsi, Beyhaks and others lived and worked.)
- At the end of the 12th century, the state of the Karakhanids and Ghaznavids was captured by Genghis Khan and was eventually annexed to the Mongol uluses of Chagatai (son of Genghis Khan).
- In the XIV century, with the coming to power of the great Amir Timur, the state on the territory of Uzbekistan expanded significantly due to the conquest of other lands: Persia, North India, the South Caucasus. The ruler is known as Tamerlane, during his reign the city of Samarkand was the capital of the state.
By the time the Russian Empire began its territorial expansion, there were three khanates in the place of the modern state: the Khiva, Kokand and Bukhara emirates. In 1924 Uzbekistan became part of the USSR. Only in 1991, after the collapse of the Land of Soviets, Uzbekistan gained independence.
Official data
According to the Constitution adopted in 1992, Uzbekistan is a democratic state headed by the President. The country is divided into 12 regions,which are symbolically depicted on the flag in the form of fiery stars. The capital of the state is the city of Tashkent. It is he who is considered the most economically developed city.
Islam Karimov has been President of Independent Uzbekistan since 1992. The head of state has been conducting foreign policy in the toughest way for 27 years. According to political scientists, the existence of some sort of Iron Curtain cannot be denied. With the coming to power in 2016 of President Sh. Mirziyoyev, foreign policy reached a new level. At the moment, Uzbekistan is cooperating with the largest states: the USA, Russia, China and Germany. A huge amount of products manufactured in the country worth $ 14 billion are exported annually (data for 2017).
Main cities
The area of the country is about 450 thousand square kilometers, the largest cities of Uzbekistan, apart from the capital, are Samarkand, Ferghana, Namangan and Andijan. They are home to 3 million people. The level of urbanization in the country of Uzbekistan is more than 50%. Although the number of rural residents still exceeds the urban population. Tashkent is considered to be the best place for doing business, because it is where the largest banks and corporations are located. Almost the entire population of the city speaks both their native language, Uzbek, and Russian.
Fergana is also an important economic, cultural and scientific center of the country. The city is located in the famous Ferghana Valley, surrounded by mountains on one side and plains on the other. In terms of industry, it ranks second after the capital. Of the largest enterpriseswe can distinguish "FNZ" - an oil refinery, "FerganaAzot" - the chemical industry and "ElectroMash".
Another strategically important city is the city of Andijan. One of its suburbs is home to the country's largest Daewoo automobile plant. This city is also an interesting place for tourists, because it has a lot of monuments of ancient culture.
Tourist destinations
For the first time in 27 years, the iron curtain separating this country from other European states has collapsed, and now tourism is becoming one of the most important sectors of the economy of Uzbekistan. With the coming to power of the new president, new rules and laws were developed to regulate the stay of tourists in Uzbekistan. The improved registration law allows foreign citizens to forget about all bureaucratic issues and enjoy the oriental fairy tale. If earlier a tourist was forced to collect all the certificates and register at the passport office within three days, now all documents are filled out for him by the hotel or hotel where he stayed.
The most visited and largest cities of Uzbekistan are, of course, the capital, Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva. It is in them that the main historical sights are located: mainly mosques, ancient buildings of madrassas, palaces of the ancient Turkic khans and pavilions of oriental bazaars. Once upon a time, the Great Silk Road passed here, along which camel caravans went,laden with the finest Uzbek fabrics, Indian spices and Chinese silk.
in Uzbekistan, almost all major cities have their own airports. The country's main airline Uzbekistan AirLines flies to anywhere in the world. For example, from Moscow (Domodedovo) to Tashkent you can fly in 4 hours. And the cost of air tickets strongly depends on the season: in the summer season you can buy an economy class ticket for 15-20 thousand rubles, and in winter the price drops to 10-15 thousand rubles.
The ancient city of Samarkand
Who ever visited this city will never be able to forget it. Samarkand is like a museum in which, instead of tiny exhibits, huge palaces, Muslim shrines, minarets, madrasahs and mosques with beautiful domes are presented. No wonder Samarkand is called the "Pearl of the East".
The world-famous Registan Square is located in the very center of the city. There are three largest madrasahs here, where great oriental scientists and philosophers worked. Samarkand is a city with more than two thousand years of history, shrouded in legends and incredible facts. You should definitely visit it to get an idea of the ancient culture of the Turks.
Population
As of 2017, more than 30 million people live in this state. About 82% of the ethnic population of the country of Uzbekistan - Uzbeks. In second place are Tajiks, who mostly live in cities bordering Tajikistan. And the Russian diaspora has more than 1.5 million people. Restnationalities: Kyrgyz, Jews, Kazakhs, Turkmens, Tatars and Koreans make up less than 5% of the total population. People in this country are really very friendly and hospitable. Plus, they are hardworking. This is due to their history, because for many centuries the main occupation was agriculture and cattle breeding. People are accustomed to working hard, even when it is not necessary, they raise domestic animals, set up gardens and grow fruits, vegetables and grapes.
Religion and language
The main religion of Uzbekistan is Sunni Islam. This religion is rooted in history, when the Tamerlane dynasty ruled on the territory of this country. Despite the overwhelming majority of Muslims, there are a lot of Orthodox churches in Uzbekistan. Among the officially operating religions, the largest are the Russian Orthodox, Armenian and Roman Catholic churches. Smaller organizations of various religious denominations are also registered in the country: Baptists, Pentecostals, Jehovah's Witnesses and Seventh Day Adventists.
Practically the entire urban population speaks both Uzbek and Russian. Only in remote villages (villages) do residents know only their native language.
Main we alth
Uzbekistan is a country famous for its white gold - white cotton. Indeed, almost 80% of all fields are sown with cotton, which is exported in huge quantities. However, this country is also rich in real gold. Uzbekistan ranks 4th in the world in terms of reservesgold and 7th in its production.
The extraction of oil, gas and many minerals and precious stones have given the country a new look. Uranium is also mined here, but as unnecessary it is sold to Russia and China.
Science
Despite the rich heritage that the country inherited from the USSR, the number of scientific organizations is currently declining in Uzbekistan. This is due to the fact that many capable and educated people are leaving this country. In addition, for many citizens, admission to higher educational institutions often turns out to be impossible due to the huge competition not only for state-funded places, but even for contract ones. It is known that in Uzbekistan, a country that a thousand years ago was ahead of all European states in the development of sciences, now there is a decline in the field of scientific technologies. Almost all production mechanisms are imported from other countries.
Sports
All kinds of sports are very well developed in Uzbekistan. Every year, a huge amount is spent from the budget, which goes to support and encourage domestic sports. Today Uzbekistan takes part in the Olympic Games, where it often wins prizes.
Boxing is very popular in the country. The best champion athletes who have become famous all over the world are Ruslan Chagaev, Abbos Atoev (two-time world boxing champion), Khasan Dusmatov and others.
Prospects for the development of Uzbekistan
Colossal reserves of natural resources,vast areas of cultivated land with fertile soil, a large turnover of goods in the country, as well as industry and agreements with world powers allow us to say with confidence that Uzbekistan is a country that has every chance to enter the list of the strongest states. The latest reforms carried out by President Sh. Mirziyoyev went to the benefit of the country. And his official meeting with Donald Trump ensured the signing of 20 contracts that brought about $5 billion to the country's budget.
