In order to understand the essence of the technology of pedagogical communication, it is important to analyze such a concept as a "communicative task". It is a background, it involves the stages of a solution: analysis of the situation, selection of several options, selection of the optimal one, communicative impact, analysis of the results.
Definition
A communicative task is a pedagogical task that is translated into the language of communication. That is why, when organizing any educational action, it is necessary to think over the ways of communication between its participants.
The communicative task is an opportunity to establish and develop relationships between schoolchildren, which is especially important at the first stage of the formation of a children's team (in a kindergarten group, in elementary school).
Views
Select groups of communicative tasks. General groups require advance planning. Current tasks appear within the framework of pedagogical interaction. Solution of communicativetasks - this is the main task of the educator (class teacher).
The first group comes down to communicating certain information, as well as encouraging children to take specific actions.
Storytelling options
In this case, the general communicative task is characterized by the following types:
- narrative;
- name;
- message;
- enumeration;
- announcement;
- answer.
Solving the tasks of communicative activity, the teacher realizes two main goals: conveys certain information to the younger generation, encourages children to take action.
They can be considered as a way to solve a learning problem within a lesson (extracurricular activity).
Teacher's communicative actions
There are four options:
- stimulating;
- corrective and evaluative (reactive);
- organizers;
- controlling.
The implementation of communication tasks within the framework of the new federal educational standards is carried out when teaching any academic discipline.
The teacher must consciously and differentiatedly select the types of communicative actions that contribute to the activation of the cognitive interest of the child, contribute to his socialization.
Steps of solution
Communicative tasks for GEF involve a step-by-step process. First, the planned communication is modeled. Processfollowed by the following actions:
- a teacher's awareness of the style of communication with his students (pupils);
- mental restoration of the specifics of relationships in a given team (communicative memory);
- clarification of the style of communication in the updated communication conditions.
Getting attention
At this stage, social and communicative tasks involve:
- verbal speech contact with schoolchildren, in which the teacher pauses to attract their attention;
- use of visual aids, tables, symbols, signs.
In order to consolidate the established relationship, the teacher captures the degree of readiness of the child for productive communication.
Verbal communication
The teacher solves the main communicative tasks using tools that increase the effectiveness of communicative cooperation:
- initiativity;
- mobility;
- facial expressions, gestures, pantomime;
- communication management;
- changing intonation when conveying important information.
Feedback organizations
What else do communicative tasks allow to solve? The goal of the teacher is to establish a feedback emotional and meaningful connection with the child (class, group). To do this, he uses the following methods and techniques:
- operational individual and frontal survey;
- raising questions to determine awareness and analysis of completed tasks.
Fromthe professionalism of the teacher depends on the microclimate inside the class team (group).
Forms of work with subjects of educational activity
There are many forms of establishing contact between a teacher and students. Let's dwell on some effective forms:
- facilitation involves the search and creation of comfortable conditions for the self-realization of the younger generation;
- mutual understanding involves the establishment of the most meaningful relationships between teams, social groups, individuals;
- mutual influence is associated with the impact on each other (the mutual influence of cultures).
It is impossible to solve communicative tasks if the teacher does not have the following qualities:
- kindness to children;
- authenticity (naturalness in relationships with other people);
- specificity, which is manifested in the readiness of the teacher to clearly and quickly answer questions that students have;
- moral stability;
- immediacy in dialogue.
Functions of a facilitator
The teacher performs not only the function of a teacher, but also the duties of a class teacher. Facilitators in foreign schools are professionals who contribute to the personal growth of the child. Such teachers create optimal conditions for the successful socialization of each pupil.
The peculiarity of the facilitator is that he does not "drive" the child intoa certain framework to control his psyche, but encourages his creativity and desire for self-realization.
Technology of pedagogical communication
It refers to the nature of the interaction between the teacher and his students. Style is a stable system of techniques, ways that manifest themselves depending on the specific situation.
Let's take a closer look at the stages of pedagogical communication, which are implemented in the form of a communication technique (the sum of communicative skills of listening and speaking). For work, the teacher uses the following tools: problem situations, entertaining information, emotional and figurative speech, historical aspects, excerpts from literature.
The prognostic stage consists in modeling future communication as part of the teacher's preparation for an event or lesson.
In order for communication to be as effective as possible, you need to take into account a specific class, tune in to positive communication with the children's team. The teacher selects the style of communication in accordance with the tasks that the state sets for him according to the new federal educational standards.
The teacher should avoid psychological stereotypical attitudes towards children, try to feel the atmosphere planned for the lesson. Only in this case, you can count on success.
For a “communicative attack”, it is important to clarify the style in the updated communicative conditions.
At the stage of managing communication within the framework of the pedagogical process, the teacher promptly responds to the initial contact with the class, moves from organizational moments (welcome moment, shrinkage) topersonal and business communication.
Distinctive features of pedagogical styles
Democratic style of communication involves considering the student as an equal partner in communication, colleagues in interaction. The teacher involves the children in planning, asking questions, takes into account their opinion, stimulates independence of judgment. With this pedagogical approach, students are calm and comfortable.
In an authoritarian style, power is based on violence and fear. The child is considered as an object of pedagogical influence, he is not a full partner. When making a decision, the teacher uses his own rights, does not take into account the desires and capabilities of children. Among the possible consequences of the authoritarian style, psychologists note the loss of time for fear and worries, low self-esteem by schoolchildren, lack of initiative, enthusiasm, wasting time on excuses, attempts to hide negative results of work.
Liberal style involves the teacher's departure from making an important decision. He transfers such powers into the hands of his pupils, plays the role of an outside observer. Among the problems that appear during liberal pedagogical communication, the unstable microclimate in the team, the emergence of conflicts between classmates are especially dangerous.
The teacher should be an example for children in everything:
- setting goals and objectives to mobilize a cool team;
- in appearance and behavior (be fit, neat, collected, charming,friendly, active);
- in the use of non-verbal and speech means of interaction (actively turn on facial expressions, make eye contact with children);
- in understanding the internal situational mood of schoolchildren, transferring this understanding to schoolchildren.
An important point is the analysis of the communication technology used. The purpose of this stage is diagnosis and correction. The teacher correlates the set goals with the results obtained, the optimality of the chosen means, communication methods.
Kinetic means of communication
The American psychologist R. Birdwhistle proposed the term "kinetics", used to consider communication through the analysis of body movements. The study of kinetics is a huge area of research in psychology, cultural studies, and pedagogy. The most studied at the moment are such elements of the kinetic structure as postures, gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, gaze.
The expressiveness of the teacher's speech is related to his ability to apply these elements of the kinetic structure. They affect the visual channel of children's perception, give the relationship certain nuances.
From facial expressions, a teacher can learn a lot of interesting things about his student. The facial expressions of pedagogy itself should be understandable to the student. Otherwise, the child will be afraid of the "terrible" teacher, and the learning process will not bring the desired results.
That is why, as part of updating the content of domestic education, the Federal State Educational Standards were introduced in all academic disciplines. They are based on a person-centered approach.to the educational and educational process.
In the system of a humanistic approach to education, there are serious requirements for the teacher's facial expressions, his ability to build positive relationships with other people. In order to fully fulfill the task set by society for a modern school, teachers must use modern methods and techniques of work, in particular, solve communicative tasks with the help of facial expressions and gestures. The teacher's positive attitude, his sincere desire to "teach to learn" will bring the desired results, help to educate young people who have an active citizenship.
