Pedagogy is a very delicate and multifaceted scientific field. In her working arsenal, there are more than a dozen teaching methods. Their application is aimed at the comprehensive development of a person, the education of a specialist with the necessary baggage of knowledge, skills and personal qualities. In this article we will talk about what the reproductive method is. What are its features, advantages and disadvantages?
Description
The boring and monotonous flow of lectures has not justified itself for a long time. Experts have found that the use of only the information-receptive method helps to assimilate theoretical material only by 30%. The rest either passes by the students, or catches up during the preparation for exams and tests. However, without the theory being reinforced by practice, it turns out to be side, unnecessary information. It is impossible to completely refuse lectures, because they carry the basis of scientific knowledge. However, they can be interchanged withconversations and practical exercises.
The reproductive method is a way of organizing learning activities that take place according to a specific instruction using (or reproducing) previously acquired knowledge and a sequence of practical actions. Since this method always follows a certain algorithm (or instruction), it is often called instructive-reproductive.
Features
This type of thinking involves the rapid, active memorization by students of new information that the teacher or other educational source reports and the transfer of knowledge to practical ground. There are several conditions or means for implementing the reproductive method:
- Verbal, visual and practical teaching methods. It can be numbers, words, sketches.
- By analogy with the method, lectures are also constructed that contain scientific information and brief abstracts for students to write.
- Conversations are held according to a certain scheme. The teacher relies strictly on the facts known to the students. Discussion of hypotheses and the expression of an independent opinion are not provided.
- Reproductive exercises should contribute to the effective development of practical skills, since any experience requires repeated actions according to the model.
The method can also be used when reinforcing the studied material.
Difference from productive method
There is a rather extensive classification of pedagogicalmethods. Their choice largely depends on the age of students and discipline. According to the nature of cognitive activity, the reproductive and productive methods are distinguished. Let's figure out what their differences are according to the method and purpose of the organization.
Reproductive teaching method is the repeated reproduction of knowledge and actions already received from the teacher to obtain a result. The teacher gives a specific task, and the student performs it according to a certain model. This method is very effective in the following disciplines: mathematics, chemistry, physics, computer science, etc. That is, programmed learning is carried out. Each task and operation has a specific algorithm of actions.
Knowledge is based on lectures that accumulate authoritative opinions. It is they who form the instruction, which the students then use. These can be rules, laws, axioms, formulas, etc.
The productive method focuses on a specific problem. It offers students an independent (arbitrary) search for answers to questions. Unlike reproductive, it does not have clear algorithms, formulas. And the task of the teacher is to create a serious motivation for the acquisition of new knowledge by students.
Examples
As already mentioned, the exact sciences are suitable soil for a teacher, where the reproductive method of teaching works effectively. Examples of it can be successfully observed in solving mathematical, chemical problems or repeating experiments.
Consider, for example, the usual mathematical quadratic equation. There is a specific sample formula, following which the student gradually comes to the correct answer - finding the unknown (or unknown).
Another example is the lesson on the consolidation of knowledge on the topic "improper fraction". To do this, you can use definition questions or visual aids. For example, on a presentation slide or on the board, write down some numbers and ask students to choose improper fractions from them. The choice must be justified. All actions take place according to the principle of choice (example) - justification (reason).
At the same time, it is important for the teacher to conduct a clear briefing. Using it in the future, students will be able to successfully complete tasks of varying complexity, acquire the necessary knowledge and develop skills. The reproductive method will also help to form a certain way of thinking, which is useful for performing operations in everyday life.
Efficiency
In Russian education, the use of this method has long been known. You can call it "classic". However, do not forget that each technology tends to constantly improve. So, today the reproductive method of teaching means not just taking lecture notes and applying the received formulas. The changes affected the simplification of some algorithms for quick assimilation, the correlation of scientific facts with visual aids, the use of interactive teaching aids (audio, video, animation) in conversations and practical exercises. All this, of course, has a positive effect onthe effectiveness of cognitive activity, which the reproductive method is designed to increase. This is a great alternative to dry lectures and monotonous seminars based on a simple survey.
Pros
The main and important advantage of this technology is economy. What does it mean? The reproductive method of teaching assumes that the teacher transfers an impressive amount of knowledge and skills in a short time and without much effort. At the same time, students quickly perceive new information, simultaneously practicing it in practice. This method guarantees a solid assimilation of knowledge.
The reproductive method is excellently implemented where the educational material is more informative. At the same time, independent, creative thinking is blocked in students and the possibilities of memorizing and processing ready-made theoretical knowledge are expanded.
Cons
Specialists note that the reproductive teaching method is an example of a strict algorithmization of actions that does not allow creative liberties, assumptions and doubts. Because of this, flexibility, independence of thinking can significantly suffer. This technology categorically denies search activity, which is no less important than the application of previously reported theoretical knowledge. With frequent use of the reproductive method, learning can turn into pure formalization, and the assimilation of knowledge will become just meaningless cramming.
Combination with other methods
The reproductive method is effective in the information-receptive activity of students. It is a fact. However, it cannot be the only tool in the teacher's arsenal. As experience shows, monologue practice has long outlived itself, and an integrated approach is required. Indeed, in addition to the rapid assimilation of theoretical material and the formation of the implementation of actions according to instructions, it is necessary to develop personality traits, a creative approach to business, and independence in acquiring new knowledge.
Thus, along with reproductive methods, creative, illustrative, research and productive methods are often used to search for information and use it to solve new problems. Lessons in the form of a quiz, discussion about a discovery or law, preparing a report are a suitable alternative. The choice will depend on several factors: the purpose, stage of the lesson, local conditions, the content of the theoretical material and the personality of the teacher. In any case, the variety of teaching methods greatly enlivens the learning process and contributes to the comprehensive development of the student's personality.
