Developmental education is a way of organizing the educational process, in which the main emphasis is on the potential of the child. The purpose of this is to develop in students the skills of independent search for knowledge and, consequently, the education of such a quality as independence, which is also applicable in the surrounding reality.
Developmental learning takes
its origins in the works of such famous teachers as Vygotsky, Rubinstein, Ushinsky, etc. Zankov and Davydova de alt with this problem in detail. These educators have developed curricula that focus on the development of children's cognitive processes. Their methods are successfully used to this day by various teachers, especially in elementary school. All learning is based on the “zone of proximal development”, that is, the capabilities of students. The universal method is the pedagogical requirement.
The main idea thatbased on developmental learning, lies in the fact that children's knowledge is divided into three types. One of them is something that students have no idea about. The second type is knowledge that children already have. And the last part is in between. This is the “zone of proximal development” that Vygotsky spoke of. In other words, it is the discrepancy between what the child can do and what he can achieve.
Developing education in pedagogy began to be applied from the middle of the last century. Its principles were especially actively used in the schools of Elkonin and Zankov. Their programs are built with several features in mind.
Firstly, Zankov noted that learning at a higher level of difficulty contributes to the development of children's abilities and independence. The desire to overcome problems activates the mental abilities of students.
Secondly, the leading role should be given to theoretical material. The child does not just learn, but finds patterns and connections between certain phenomena and processes. Repetition is not a basic foundation. Return to the old is done through the prism of learning new material.
Developmental education provides that the child is aware of why he is gaining knowledge. The student must understand what is the best way for him to memorize the material, what he learned new, how his worldview changes, etc.
The main principle on which developmental education is based is an individual approach. Teachers categorically do not compare and separate children.recommend. Every child is a unique individual that requires a special approach.
Davydov and Elkonin call for the fact that education should be based on a system of scientific concepts. Activities in the classroom should be based on the abstract-theoretical thinking of children. Knowledge is given from the general to the particular. The teacher should use a deductive approach to teaching.
Thus, the main idea of developmental education is the emphasis on the child's activities with an emphasis on the formation of theoretical thinking. Knowledge should not be reproduced, but put into practice. The personality of the student is very important in the process of such training.
