The most popular teaching method in all universities around the world is the lecture. A lecture is an oral presentation of the material. This teaching method is also used in high school: teachers often spend most of the lesson, if not the entire lesson, on the presentation of the material. The acquired knowledge is consolidated in practical classes. This system allows students to better absorb the material.
Etymology of the word "lecture"
The word "lecture" has Latin roots and means "reading". This method of conveying information to listeners was used in medieval educational institutions. At that time, lecture material was prepared in advance, and then simply read by the teacher - hence the name.
In modern universities, the method of lecturing has changed a bit, teachers are less likely to use improvised materials and do not give a lecture, but present the necessary information, based on specific examples and explaining the essence.
The innovations were not affected only by English universities, where professorsare obliged to use the text of the lecture and, if possible, simply read the material to the students.
What is a lecture in modern universities?
In the modern concept, a lecture is a process of not only presentation, but also explanation of the material by the teacher for a long time. The task of the teacher is to involve students in the work and intensify the cognitive activity of students or students.
How to get students involved?
The modern world is oversaturated with information, it is becoming increasingly difficult for teachers at universities to attract students to the material they present in lectures. That is why it is important not only to convey the material to the students, but in the course of the presentation to address the audience with questions. This is necessary in order to involve students in the learning process and ensure active perception and comprehension of the acquired knowledge. For example, a common technique used by teachers is to create a problem situation based on the material being presented. The most popular way is to single out a couple of main questions from the topic of the lecture, which students will have to figure out in the process of proofreading the material.
What are the lectures?
Lecturing is a process that is more than one hundred years old. That is why we can distinguish some varieties of presentation of scientific material, each of which pursues its own goals.
Types of lectures
Science identifies the following types of lectures:
- Informational is the most traditional typelectures, which were used even in ancient universities. Its purpose is to convey certain information that is intended for memorization and subsequent self-understanding. An informational lecture does not imply active work of the lecturer with the audience. The most popular method in many universities to this day.
- Overview is based on a systematic approach to providing information, without specifics and details of information. This type of lecture allows the use of associations in the process of assimilation of information, which is presented when revealing the connection not only intra-subject, but also inter-subject. An overview lecture is a lecture that is based on the conceptual apparatus of the course, its conceptual basis and analysis of large sections.
- Problem is more like a research activity, since its essence is to convey new information to the audience by setting problematic questions, tasks or situations. During a problematic lecture, there is a dialogue between the lecturer and the audience, and the topic is revealed by isolating the problem and finding a method to solve it by analyzing different points of view.
- Visualization involves conveying information through audio or video equipment. The essence of the lecture is a brief commentary by the lecturer on the materials being viewed or listened to.
- Binary involves the presence of two lecturers, it can be not only two teachers who represent different scientific schools. Lecture participants can be a theorist and practitioner, teacher and student, and so on.
- A public lecture, or lecture-conference, is held not only as a scientific, but also a practical lesson, in which everyone can take part. Usually, the topics of the lectures are determined in advance, and the participants in the class prepare short reports that should briefly and to the point reflect the essence of a particular issue. A public lecture is an opportunity to delve deeper into the essence of the problem and highlight its various aspects.
- Advisory lectures often follow the "question-answer" principle. The lecturer answers questions from the audience on a given topic of the lesson. Often the method is supplemented by discussion. After asking questions and receiving answers, the audience and the lecturer discuss the information received. This makes learning the material faster and easier.
- An interactive lecture is considered to be the best way to master the theoretical material as fully as possible in the allotted time. An interactive lecture is a way to completely immerse the audience in the material presented by the lecturer. The most important task of the lecturer is to keep the attention of the audience and build a dialogue with students. Such lectures involve a dialogue between the audience and the lecturer, the activity of information processing. It is considered the most effective of all types of lectures, as it is distinguished by excellent assimilation of the material by the audience.
Science is moving forward, but the lecture method of teaching is still the most popular.
