What is the structure of pedagogical science? This is a separate area that is associated with the process of education. Having gone through a rather complicated and long path of development, having accumulated significant experience, it has turned into a full-fledged system of sciences on the formation of the younger generation.
Basis of Pedagogy
It is based on philosophy, namely that part of it that deals with the problems of education.
Subject of the task the structure of pedagogical science is interconnected with society, its needs and characteristics.
Pedagogical system
Currently, there are several of its sections:
- general pedagogy;
- age;
- special species;
- social.
The general section is the structure of pedagogical science and education. Here, the general laws of the educational process are considered, the basic principles of the educational and educational process in educational institutions of all types are developed.
The structure of pedagogical science is represented by four large sections:
- general basics;
- didactics;
- education theory;
- Pedagogical management.
Age pedagogy includes several components:
- pedagogy of family education;
- preschool;
- primary, middle, high school.
Each of the sections is characterized by its own distinctive parameters, corresponding to the age characteristics of the groups.
Preschool Pedagogy
The structure of modern pedagogical science is formed in such a way that optimal conditions are created for the formation of a harmoniously developed personality. In elementary school, the laws of raising a child at the age of 6-7 years are studied.
Currently, second-generation federal state standards are used in preschool education. They indicate the requirements for a graduate of a preschool educational institution, take into account the social order of society.
Object and subject
The complex structure of pedagogical science considers as an object the phenomena of reality that determine the development and improvement of the individual in the course of the purposeful activity of the teacher and society. For example, education is a purposeful process of training and education in the interests of society, the state, the person himself.
The modern structure of pedagogical science as a subject considers the principles, perspectives,laws of the educational process, development of the theory and technology of such activities. Pedagogical science contributes to the development of new methods, organizational forms, methods of activity of the teacher and his pupils.
The purpose of science is to identify patterns and search for the most optimal methods for the formation of a person, his education, training, upbringing.
Purpose of Pedagogy
What is the structure and function of pedagogical science? First of all, we can mention the theoretical, implemented at three levels:
- explanatory, descriptive;
- predictive;
- diagnostic.
In addition, it is important to note the technological function, which is implemented at three levels:
- transformative;
- projective;
- reflexive.
Main purpose
Why do we need a complex structure of pedagogical science and its leading branches? This area allows you to reveal the main patterns in the areas of education: upbringing, education, management of educational systems. It is pedagogy that is engaged in the study and generalization of the experience and practice of pedagogical activity, as well as the implementation of the results obtained in practice.
Considering pedagogy as a science, let's note the questions that it faces:
- goal setting;
- learning content;
- technologies and methods of teacher activity.
Pedagogical categories
Under education, they consider the process and result of mastering by students of a system of knowledge, skills, abilities, the formation of moral qualities on their basis, the improvement of cognitive skills and intellectual abilities.
Teaching involves a directed and guided process of relations between students and teachers, which contributes to the development of UUN.
Socialization is the self-realization and development of a person throughout his life. Such a process is carried out with the help of various means of action on the student.
What is the classical structure of pedagogical science? The tasks of pedagogical science are discussed above, now let's analyze some of its sections.
Social Pedagogy
The system and structure of pedagogical science involves the division of this industry into several subsections:
- family pedagogy;
- correctional labor orientation;
- museum activities;
- theatrical pedagogy.
Family pedagogy solves several important tasks related to the upbringing and development of children in the family:
- creating theoretical justifications for education;
- analysis of the experience of family education;
- practical implementation of scientific achievements;
- justification of the correlation of public and family education, as well as the technology of relations between teachers and parents.
Methods of family pedagogy are divided into two groups: research andeducational (developing).
In an empirical way, factual material is being collected regarding the discovery of links between scientific facts and home education
Family education is one of the forms of development of the younger generation in a society that combines the purposeful actions of parents with the efforts of teachers. The example of mothers and fathers is a specific form of passing on the life (social) and moral experience of the older generation to their descendants.
The family does not always have a positive impact on the child. Constant quarrels, conflicts, scandals between parents lead to psychological problems in the child. This is especially dangerous for the fragile psyche of preschoolers.
Correctional labor pedagogy
The structure of the pedagogical science of her industry allows involving not only gifted children, but also adolescents with behavioral deviations in the educational and upbringing process.
Special corrective labor measures, which involve difficult teenagers, contribute to the re-education of children, their successful socialization. When organizing work with such teenagers, teachers and psychologists use scientific methods, take into account age characteristics, as well as the social experience of the students.
Special Pedagogy
This branch of pedagogy includes several sections:
- deaf pedagogy;
- typhlopedagogy;
- oligophrenopedagogy.
The main task of the teacher,who works with children in this area is to overcome mental retardation. The task of the defectologist is to develop elementary behavioral skills in such children of social communication, speech.
Among the goals that the teacher sets for himself, we note:
- activity for the formation of high-quality communicative speech in a child;
- development of memory, thinking, attention;
- formation of skills that are typical for a certain age;
- maximum correction of retardations in mental and intellectual development.
The defectologist regularly monitors and controls the structure and speed of the lesson, taking into account the individuality of the child. That is why it is so important that a teacher working with such children has a deep knowledge of the psychological and medical characteristics of children, finds an individual approach to each child.
Among the areas of correctional activities, in addition to classes aimed at developing speech, there are:
- activities for the formation of voluntary attention;
- stimulation of phonetic hearing;
- fine motor skills exercises;
- using cerebellar stimulation;
- correction of emotional and mental disorders;
- teaching synthesis and analysis, the skills of forming logical connections between individual objects and phenomena;
- exercises aimed at improving coordination of movements, improving spatial orientation.
Special children need a special approach. Exactlytherefore, in our country there are separate educational institutions that employ only highly qualified specialists.
At present, the Education project is successfully operating in Russia, within the framework of which the education of children with disabilities in physical development is coordinated. Thanks to information technology, teachers who have received special training are working with schoolchildren who, due to he alth problems, cannot attend regular general education institutions.
Relationship with other areas
Pedagogy is a science that cannot fully exist without other branches. For example, commonality with psychology lies in the formation and development of personality. In psychology, the laws of mental activity of the individual are considered, and in pedagogy, mechanisms for organizing its activity are developed. Developmental and educational psychology serves as a link between the sciences.
The connection with physiology, which studies the vital activity of the organism, the analysis of the mechanisms of control of mental and physiological development, and higher nervous activity, is also important.
In conclusion
Pedagogy is rightfully considered one of the most important sciences in the system relating to the development and formation of the individual. Such a process is impossible without quality education. It acts as a purposeful process of interaction with the child, is a way of transferring social experience to him. It is pedagogy, based on the achievements of all sciences related to man, that studies and creates the optimal mechanisms for the formation of a child,his education and upbringing.
Currently, serious reforms are taking place in the domestic educational system. Instead of the classical methods that were used during the Soviet Union, new educational standards are being introduced in kindergartens, schools, colleges, higher educational institutions.
When developing them, pedagogics and psychologists were guided by the social order, therefore, innovative technologies used by teachers to implement the second generation of the Federal State Educational Standards contribute to the formation of a harmoniously developed personality that respects the culture and traditions of their ancestors.
