There are many subjects on the territory of the Russian Federation, including districts, territories and republics. Each of them plays an important role in the development of the country and has a number of its own characteristics. But there is a key subject. This is the Central Federal District, which has been the historical and economic core of the state for many centuries. In this material, we will consider the economic state of the district, its geography, attractions and other features.
General information
The Central Federal District of the Russian Federation is the territory of the country with the highest population density. It was formed in 2000 by decree of Russian President Vladimir Putin. There are no republics in the okrug, it includes only regions and the capital city of Moscow. It is also the administrative center of the district and the largest city. The name comes not from the geographic location of the county, but from its historical function.
This territory has always been the most developed economically, culturally and politically. The best educational institutions of the country are located in the district, the most advanced system of transport communication has been established. Within its limits are successfully developing: automotive, instrumentation and other industries. Many residents of Russia and other countries come for a permanent job in the Central Federal District or Moscow as the most prestigious and promising cities for living and development.
Geography
The regions of the Central Federal District cover an area of 650,200 square kilometers. This is almost 4% of the entire territory of Russia. The Central Federal District is located on the East European Plain. On the borders, the district converges with Belarus and Ukraine.
Mixed, deciduous forests grow within the CFD. Part of the territory is occupied by steppes and forest-steppes. Some large rivers also flow there: Volga, Don, Dnieper and Zapadnaya Dvina. The climate is moderate. The average temperature in winter is -15 degrees Celsius, in summer - +22 degrees.
A large number of minerals are mined in the territory of the Central Federal District. These include phosphorites, cement raw materials, granite, coal. Almost 20% of all railways in Russia stretch in the Central Federal District.
Population
39,209,580 people live in the Central Federal District of Russia. There are 60 people per square kilometer. This is more than 25% of the total population of the country. Almost half of them live in the capital of the Central Federal District. Moscow and the Moscow region have become home to more than 17 million citizens.
An important fact is thatthe population continues to grow. For the past 7 years, its number has been continuously increasing. Every year, 200-300 thousand people arrive on the territory of the Central Federal District. The birth rate is also rising. Since 2002, there has been an increase in the life expectancy of people living in this part of the country.
Most of the population are Russians, they are almost 90% of the total population. In second place are the Ukrainians, with their share of only 1%. Next come the Armenians, Tatars and Azerbaijanis with a share of less than 1%. Among the languages, the Slavic group also predominates, that is, the Russian language. His share is more than 92%.
Attractions
Significant sights of Russia are located on the territory of the Central Federal District.
Kolomensky Kremlin. One of the most impressive places in the country. The Kremlin was built between 1525 and 1531 and served as an impregnable fortress for the Muscovite state for many years. To date, only part of the fortress, several walls and 7 towers have survived. Assumption Cathedral and a couple of chapels were built within the Kremlin, which are also worth a visit.
Smolensk fortress wall. The wall was erected between 1595 and 1602. Its length is 6.5 kilometers. The Smolensk fortress was an important tactical territory for the Russian state. Since the beginning of the 17th century, it has been stormed by enemy troops many times, so today only part of the fortifications remain from it.
Khopyor nature reserve. Founded in 1935, the reserve played a decisive role in saving the Russian desman, whosethe population was in decline. The reserve is one of the richest in Eastern Europe. There are 400 lakes on its territory, which every spring flood up to 80% of the entire area of the reserve. The Economic Department for the Central Federal District pays special attention to the development of this nature protection zone.
Economy
Almost 34% of the total gross regional product falls on the Central Federal District. It is also worth entering 22% of agricultural and 26.5% of industrial product here.
The total share of the CFD industry is approximately equal to 20% of the entire country. The Chernozem region, which has become the unspoken core of Russia, ranks first in industrial production, scientific and technical potential, mechanical engineering and other industries.
The Central Federal District also leads in terms of socio-economic development, when compared with other federal districts of the country. A large number of specialists from the areas of production and technical plan live on its territory.
CFD produces more than 22% of the country's total electricity, 19% of ferrous metals. A large amount of dairy products is also produced here, up to 30% of all bread and a lot of alcohol (almost half) are exported from here.
Education and Science
More than 80% of all scientific developments in Russia are carried out on the territory of the Central Federal District. Scientific laboratories and centers concentrated within the district represent almost the entire potential of the entire state. Scientists from all over the country fly to Moscow toreceive funds to develop their activities or start working with other capable people.
The education system of the Central Federal District plays an important role in this. Almost 40% of universities are located here, and a third of all students study in this district. Educational institutions in Moscow and the Moscow region are very popular among young people, as it is believed that it is in Moscow universities that you can get a decent education with a great reserve for the future and the possibility of further development.
Innovation
Up to 25% of all innovative ideas and developments are born within the CFD. This is facilitated by research centers and technology parks like Skolkovo. New ideas are constantly being developed on their territory. The engineers working at Skolkovo work on projects for international companies, create web services and other high-tech products for both public use and private enterprises. Feedback has always been an important aspect in development. Specialists from all over the country are constantly sharing their experience, gathering conferences and giving Russia new talents that are being developed daily by a state that is somewhat behind the others in terms of technology. Many graduates of Russian and foreign universities today work in IT companies located in the Central Federal District.
Transport system
One of the most advanced and large-scale transport systems operates in the Central Federal District. Through itThe territory is extended by the Trans-Siberian Railway. Among the types of vehicles used within the Central Federal District, one can single out railway transport, automobile, aviation, water, and underground (Moscow metro).
The length of roads in this region in 2010 is 146,391 kilometers. 65 main railway lines pass through the Central Federal District. The Moscow transport hub is also located here (by the way, the largest in Russia).
As for air transport, in addition to the well-known Vnukovo and Sheremetyevo, there are 29 more airports in the Central Federal District. They are all operated by the Federal Transportation Agency.
Another important mode of transport operating in this district is the pipeline. Here are the longest pipelines in the country. For example, the main oil pipeline Nizhny Novgorod - Ryazan. Its length is as much as 230 kilometers.
