In the current conditions of the development of society, interest in statistics as a science and its wide application in practice has increased significantly. Today, no one can deny the importance and underestimate the role of statistics in public life. Statistical data contribute to the formation of an adequate idea of the current state of affairs in the country. Thanks to this, in case of any deviations or inconsistencies, it becomes possible to take a number of corrective measures in a timely manner and significantly improve the situation.
Interpretation and meaning of the term
The term "statistics" comes from the Latin word status, which implies a certain state of affairs. This concept was first used in 1749 by the scientist of German origin G. Achenval, who mentioned it in his book on the conduct of public affairs. To date, the termused in three basic meanings:
- Statistics is a science that studies the processes and phenomena of social life, reveals the laws of development of these phenomena and explains the existing relationship between them.
- This is a branch of knowledge that studies the phenomena occurring in society from a quantitative side.
- This is some data presented by organizations under the guise of financial statements.
Subject, object and tasks of statistics
Each science has its own specific features, its own subject and object of study. Statistics are no exception. Her subjects are:
- social and economic phenomena occurring in public life;
- quantitative side of socio-economic phenomena, taking into account the place and specific time.
The object of the study of statistical science are:
- society;
- social processes and phenomena;
- The impact of society's activities on the state of the environment.
As for the main tasks of statistics, the following should be noted:
- To identify and analyze all the socio-economic transformations taking place in society.
- Research and evaluate the efficiency of social production.
- Provide reliable and reliable information to public authorities in a timely manner.
What are economic statistics?
EconomicStatistics is a very important branch of statistical science that deals with the study of economic processes that take place in society. Its purpose is to conduct an adequate analysis of the conditions for the functioning of the economy, the laws and patterns of development of society. This goal is realized through the collection of information, its processing and analysis. For this, a system of quantitative indicators that are closely interconnected with each other is used. Thanks to the data obtained by economic statistics, it becomes possible to provide a constant quantitative characteristic of various economic processes, as well as the economy as a whole.
What is social statistics?
Social statistics is an equally important branch that studies the social changes taking place in society. Its subject is society in all its manifestations and the quantitative side of the totality of social processes and phenomena. The main goal is to develop and use effective indicators that can be used to identify the dynamics of the development of social conditions for the existence of the population and the development of society as a whole. Social statistics contributes to the formation of a clear idea about the lifestyle of each person separately: about his interests, priorities, living conditions in a certain period of time.
What is legal statistics?
Legal statistics is another branch of statistical science, the subject of studywhich are the quantitative characteristics of legal processes, as well as immoral manifestations in society. There are 3 main branches of legal statistics: criminal law, civil law and administrative law.
Criminal-legal statistics has as a subject of study the regularities according to which there are movements of crime, criminals and punishments applied to those who violated the law. After the court has passed a particular verdict, the statistics keep records of those sentenced or convicted.
Civil-legal statistics keep records of claims-plaintiffs and defendants-decisions. All information about them at the end of the consideration of each court case is entered by the judge in special form cards.
Administrative and legal statistics studies the patterns of the movement of administrative offenses, the people who committed them, and the measures applied to offenders.
What is variation in statistics?
Variation in statistics is nothing more than the difference in the values of certain features characteristic of two or more population units in a similar period of time. It arises due to the presence of different conditions for the existence of several units of the same population and is used in the process of sample observation, as well as for statistical modeling and planning of expert surveys. In accordance with the indicators of variation, a conclusion is made regarding the uniformity of the units of the population, the stability of the values of the signs and their relationship. It should be noted that the variationis one of the prerequisites for both the development and the very existence of mass phenomena.
The statistician is who?
The question arises as to who a statistician is and what he does. Initially, it should be said that statistician is first and foremost a profession. Today, this profession attracts the attention of an increasing number of young people who, after leaving school, decide to devote themselves entirely to the study and development of statistical science. They are well aware that a statistician is a specialist whose work is devoted to the processing and study of quantitative indicators of social processes and phenomena, the degree of their change and development. He is an employee subordinate to the government, or an employee of the statistics departments of various enterprises and organizations. It should also be emphasized that a statistician is an expert whose activity is aimed at collecting, processing and analyzing the totality of information about the state and the events taking place in it. His immediate responsibilities include the following tasks:
- Collecting information and reporting on it based on certain indicators.
- Checking the realism of the collected data and comparing it with the indicators of the past period.
- Systematization, processing and analysis of data.
- Compilation of various kinds of certificates, based on the totality of the collected and processed data.
The subject of work of a statistician is sign systems, that is, numbers, various tables and graphs, formulas, documentation. Its main goal is to analyzestatistical data, their systematization, as well as comparison of patterns from the quantitative side.
Role in public life
The role of statistical science and statistical accounting in the life of society cannot be underestimated. Statistics gives a real picture of the state of the economy, scientific activity, the level of culture of the population, the welfare and well-being of society in a certain period of time. In addition, it becomes possible to monitor the implementation of various national economic programs, identify inconsistencies, deviations from the planned plan, and compare the development indicators of various states. Moreover, statistics are of great importance not only for the present, but also for the future. Thus, they can be the basis for scientific planning of tomorrow's development of society and its progress.
