Verb is perhaps the most used unit of our native language. It is found in texts written in artistic, scientific, journalistic style, in colloquial and literary genres.
In this article you will find answers to the questions: "How is the verb characterized?", "What does it mean?"
Verb
This is an independent representative of our beautiful language. It performs two main tasks:
- Speaks of an action performed by an object, person, phenomenon. For example: ran, jumped, peers, stands, is, eats.
- Characterizes the state, property, sign, relation of the object. Consider an example: sick, blushing, jealous.
You can find out the verb in a sentence by asking it the question "what to do?" or one of its forms ("what am I doing?", "what were you doing?", etc.).
Verb forms
All verbs are conditionally divided into four categories:
- Initial, aka infinitive. It is formed from the stem of the word by suffixing with "t", "ti", "ch". This form does not change according to persons, genders and numbers. Lets you know whatthe action is performed. Able to act in a proposal in any role. It has features of transition and recurrence. It can be characterized as a perfective or imperfective verb. Examples: be discouraged, sad, dig, learn, review, love.
- Conjugated forms. This group can include any changeable form of the verb that has permanent and non-permanent features.
- Participle - in modern Russian grammar, this is a special form of the verb. The task of this part of speech is to characterize the attribute of an object by action.
- Gerential participle - according to one version, an invariable verb form. Some linguists distinguish it as a separate part of speech. In a sentence, it denotes an additional, clarifying action.
Verb form
Let's consider the first constant feature that characterizes the verb. What does the word "view" mean in relation to this part of speech?
All verbs can be divided into two large groups: perfective (CB) and imperfective (NCW).
You can find out what type a word belongs to by asking a question to its infinitive. If the verb answers the question "what to do?" is the perfect look. If the question "what to do?" - imperfect.
Perfective verbs characterize an action that has reached its logical conclusion. Imperfective words denote a process that is still ongoing.
The perfect form of the verb in most cases is achieved using the prefix method.
Verb tenses
In our native language, past, future and present verbs are distinguished. Any of them is easily recognized in the context with knowledge of the theoretical material.
Past tense verbs describe an action completed by the beginning of speaking. It should be borne in mind that the time in which the story takes place is not always expressed in the present. You may encounter an option where the future or past tense will meet. For example: "I told my mother that I went to the cinema" - or: "He will say that he successfully completed the task."
Words belonging to the past tense change by gender, number. They are created in a suffix way by adding "l" to the base of the initial form.
The present tense of the verb occurs only in imperfective words. It is expressed with the help of a personal ending. Describes the action taking place at the moment of speaking. It is also capable of performing the following roles:
- Describes an action that is repeated constantly. For example: “The mouth of the river flows into the sea.”
- Describes an action that happens regularly. For example: "Every Friday at six o'clock she goes to the dance."
- Talks about an event that could potentially happen: "Some guys are rude."
The future form of the verb tells about an event that will happen only after the moment of speech comes to an end. It can be represented by both perfective and imperfective verbs.
There are two forms of the future tense: simple and compound. Firstformed by the personal ending of the verb. The second - by adding to the main word forms of the lexeme "to be" (I will, will be, will be, etc.).
Certain verbs of one tense can be used in the meaning of another. For example, the past tense can have the meaning of the present in the context: “She’s always like this: she didn’t see anything, she didn’t hear anything.”
Time is classified as a fickle sign.
Verb mood
Mood is another inconstant feature of the verb. It expresses the relation of this part of speech to reality. It is divided into three types: indicative, subjunctive, imperative. Each of them has a number of characteristic features.
Verbs related to the indicative mood represent a real action that takes place in the past, present or future tense. This is the distinguishing feature. Words belonging to other moods cannot be expressed in any tense.
Imperative verbs are able to convey a request, order, wish, advice. They are formed in two ways: using the suffix "and" or through zero suffixation. In the plural, the ending "those" appears. Imperative words do not change by tense.
Subjunctive verbs describe an action that could be realized under certain circumstances. This mood is formed by adding the particle “by” to the word in the past tense.
Verb: what does the word "conjugation" mean in relation to it?
Conjugation -permanent sign. Its essence lies in changing the verb in persons and numbers. There are only two types of conjugation, which are usually denoted by Roman numerals I and II.
Finding out which conjugation a word can be attributed to is easy enough if you remember simple facts:
- If the ending of the verb is stressed, then the conjugation of the word is determined by this form. If it is in an unstressed position - by infinitive.
- Verbs that can be defined in the group of the first conjugation are characterized by the endings "eat", "eat", "eat", "eat", "ut", "yut". Related to the second conjugation - "ish", "it", "im", "ite", "at" or "yat".
- There is a group of heterogeneous verbs, the forms of which, when changed, have part of the endings of one group, part of another. These are the verbs "to want" and "to run".
In this article, we looked at the verb (what this part of speech means). We got acquainted with some of its permanent and non-permanent features, gave examples. In the future, it will not be difficult for you to identify the verb in the text and give it a brief description if necessary.
