Orthoepy in Greek means "correct speech". But it should be noted that the term itself has two meanings. The first of them is the norms of the language, among which are pronunciation and super-segment. And the second meaning is that this is one of the sections of linguistics that studies the basic rules of oral speech.
Features of the definition of the concept
Until now, the scope of this concept has not been completely established. There are linguists who consider it very narrowly. They invest in the definition and the norms of oral speech, and the rules by which the grammatical forms of the word are formed. For example: candles - candles, heavier - harder, etc. Other experts argue that orthoepy is the correct pronunciation of words and stress in them.
Orthoepy and its sections
As mentioned above, this is a section of phonetics. It covers the entire phonetic system of the Russian language. The subject of study of this science is the norms of pronunciation of words. The concept of "norm" means that there is one correct option that fully complies with the main laws of the language and systempronunciation.
The main sections of this science are as follows:
1. Norms of pronunciation of consonants and vowels.
2. Pronunciation of words that are borrowed from other languages.
3. Pronunciation of some grammatical forms.
4. Features of pronunciation styles.
What are speech norms for?
Orthoepic or pronunciation norms are necessary in order to serve the literary Russian language - the one that a cultured and educated person uses in speech and writing. Such a speech unites all those who speak Russian. They are also necessary in order to overcome the differences in communication that exist between people. Moreover, along with grammatical and spelling, orthoepic norms are no less important. It is difficult for people to perceive speech that differs from the pronunciation to which they are accustomed. They begin to analyze how the interlocutor says, instead of delving into the meaning of what was said. Linguistics distinguishes the concepts of colloquial and literary speech. People who have a high level of intelligence, higher education, use the literary language in communication. It is also used for writing fiction, newspaper and magazine articles, television and radio broadcasts.
Main value
Too many people today do not understand the meaning of the word "orthoepy" and do not pay much attention to it. In their communication, they use a dialect that is spoken by many residents of the area in which they live. And the result is wrongpronounce words, put stress on the wrong syllables. Very often, when communicating, you can determine the type of human activity and his intelligence. Educated people will say [document] and not [document], as you often hear on the street.
Objectives and goals of science
It is important to note that orthoepy is a science whose main task is to teach the correct pronunciation of sounds and the placement of stress. Quite often in colloquial speech you can hear [colidor] instead of [corridor]. The sound [t] in the word computer is pronounced softly by many. When the stress is incorrectly placed, speech is distorted and becomes ugly. Especially often people of very old age sin with this. They were brought up at a time when educated citizens were not perceived by society, and incorrect, distorted speech was in vogue. Orthoepy is necessary in order to help speak beautifully and correctly. This is necessary not only for teachers and writers - today many people want to be educated. Therefore, this science seeks to teach everyone to clearly pronounce sounds and correctly place stress in words. Today, literate people are in demand in the labor market. The person who has the right speech has every chance of becoming a politician, a successful businessman, or simply building a good career. Russian orthoepy is now very important for the majority of the inhabitants of our country, and they are paying more and more attention to it.
Basic rules
Unfortunately, mistakes are often heard in speech delivered from the TV screen. Manycelebrities or politicians put the wrong emphasis on words. Some speak so consciously, while others are not even aware that they have pronounced the word incorrectly. Avoiding such misunderstandings is very simple - you must first use the dictionary. Or you can read the rules that orthoepy offers. Words in Russian sometimes have several pronunciations. For example, the stress in the word alphabet can be on both the second and third syllables. Also, before the sound [e], consonants can be pronounced differently. But dictionaries always indicate the main variant and the valid one. Scientists-philologists very carefully study all the norms and rules. Before approving a certain pronunciation, they check how common it is, what connection it has with the cultural heritage of all generations. Equally important is the extent to which this option corresponds to certain linguistic laws.
Pronunciation styles
We found out that orthoepy is a science that pays special attention to pronunciation. Now it should be noted that there are certain styles of speech that are used to communicate in society:
- colloquial vernacular is characterized by an informal atmosphere, it is used by people to communicate in a close circle;
- book style is used in scientific circles, its distinguishing feature is the clear pronunciation of sounds and phrases;
- intelligent people who know the spelling rules well, own the literary style.
Forin order to easily master the literary language, there are certain norms that are divided into main sections: the pronunciation of consonants and vowels, grammatical word forms and borrowed words.
Phonetics and orthoepy
The Russian language is very rich and varied. There is a lot of information about how to pronounce words correctly and put stress in them. In order to understand all the phonetic patterns, you need to have special knowledge that will help you figure it all out. The main difference is that orthoepy is a science that distinguishes the only variant of pronunciation of sounds that meets the standards, and phonetics allows for various options.
Proper pronunciation examples
For clarity, it is necessary to give examples that will help you clearly define the rules of pronunciation. So, in borrowed words, before the sound [e], consonants can be pronounced both hard and soft. For this, there are orthoepic norms that remind you of which words you need to pronounce sounds firmly, and which ones softly. For example, in the words declaration, temperament, museum [t] is pronounced softly. And in the words of the dean and the pace - firmly. The same is true with the combination of sounds [ch]. Phonetic laws allow you to pronounce it as it is written, or to replace it with [shn] (sku [ch] o, sku [shn] o). And in accordance with orthoepic norms, only [boring] should be pronounced. This science is also strict in the case of stress. So, you need to say not [alphabet], but [alphabet], not [kitchen], but[kitchen], not [ringing], but [ringing]. Knowledge of these rules is very important for a modern person, since the correct pronunciation is an indicator of the level of culture of both an individual and society as a whole.
