Pronoun - what is it? What categories are they divided into? You will find answers to the questions posed in the materials of this article. In addition, you will be presented with several sentences that use both personal, possessive and reflexive pronouns.
General information
Pronouns are words that do not name a sign, object or quantity, but only point to them. It should be especially noted that they have a generalized meaning, and not a specific lexical one.
Discharges
By meaning, all pronouns are divided into 9 digits. Most of them cause certain difficulties during the study. But if you understand the meaning of these pronouns and the principle of their division, then remembering such digits is quite easy.
So, in Russian there are the following pronouns:
- personal;
- returnable;
- possessive;
- undefined;
- relative;
- interrogative;
- negative;
- determinative;
- pointer.
Each of the presented categories can include from one to 25 pronouns. In this article, we will consider only the first three in detail.
Reflexive Pronoun
This part of speech expresses the direction of action on the subject of the action. Here is an example:
- I see myself from the outside.
- I look at myself in the mirror.
Reflexive pronoun can be declined by case:
- Genitive and accusative - self.
- Dative and prepositional cases – to yourself.
- Instrumental - by yourself, by yourself.
However, this part of speech has no nominative form. Moreover, the reflexive pronoun does not change for persons, genders and numbers.
Group of reflexive pronouns
This group contains the following reflexive pronouns: "myself" (used to indicate the person in question) and "one's" (to indicate that an object belongs to a particular person). The task of these pronouns is to indicate the already named participant in a certain event or belong to him. For example: “He is proud of himself and his daughter.”
It should also be noted that such a word as “self” (She herself got up) also belongs to reflexive pronouns. In addition, this part of speech (the form "self") formed the postfix of reflexive verbs -sya.
How do reflexive pronouns (examples) change?
As mentioned above, the reflexive pronoun "myself" has no initial form. This word changes only in indirect cases. In addition, it can refer to absolutely any personal pronoun:
- "He looked at himself in the mirror."
- "She looked at herself in the mirror."
- "They looked at themselves in the mirror."
What role does it play in the sentence?
In a sentence, such pronouns perform the function of an object. For example: I wanted to treat myself and give myself a little gift. By the way, in the form of the dative case, such a part of speech should be distinguished from a particle approximated in meaning:
- She found something to do.
- Help yourself.
- He goes to himself and does not think about anything at all.
- The concert was not very, so-so.
In such sentences, the word "myself" is not highlighted on its own, but is underlined along with the member to which it refers.
Reflexive pronoun in English
Reflexive pronouns in English are formed by adding the words my, your, our to possessive pronouns; indefinite - one; personal - her, him, them, it. The endings -selves (plural) and -self (singular) can also be attached to this part of speech. Here are some examples:
- 1st person singular. h. - myself (translated as "I myself");
- 2nd person singular. h. - yourself (translated as “you yourself” or “you yourself”);
- 3rd person singular. h. - herself (translated as "she herself");
- 3rd person singular. h. - himself(translated as "he himself");
- 3rd person singular. h. - itself (translated as “it itself”);
- 1st person of sets. h. - ourselves (translated as “we ourselves”);
- 2nd person of sets. h. - yourselves (translated as "you yourself");
- 3rd person sets. h. - themselves (translated as “they themselves”).
It should be noted that reflexive English pronouns are used together with verbs in the meaning of the recurrence of some action, as well as in the meaning of "yourself", which quite often correspond to the ending of Russian reflexive verbs -sya (for example: shave, wash, dress):
- I've hurt myself (that is, I hurt myself).
- Help yourself (that is, help yourself).
Personal pronouns
Now you know what reflexive pronouns are.
The Russian language is rich and diverse. And besides reflexive pronouns, it includes 8 more different categories. One of these is the personal pronoun. It should be noted that it is used in everyday life most often. After all, personal pronouns indicate the specific person that is being discussed in the conversation. These include: we, me, you, you, they, he, it, she. For example:
- I love you.
- She loves him.
- We love you.
Pronouns of the 2nd and 1st person denote the direct participants in speech (we, I, you, you). 3rd person pronouns indicate those who are not taking part in the conversation (he, it, she, they).
In Russian, this part of speech changes by cases, numbers and persons, as well as by gender (only in the 3rd person singular).
By the way, some foreign languages also have indefinite personal pronouns. As a rule, they are used to replace an arbitrary subject. And regardless of gender.
Possessive pronouns
This part of speech indicates the belonging of an object, object or property to a particular object, object, subject, etc. (your, mine, yours, ours, hers, his, theirs). Here are some examples:
- My son is the best.
- This is your briefcase.
- Our marriage union.
- His ego is too big.
Possessive pronouns can be modified by number, person, case and gender. However, the words of the 3rd person (her, him, them) do not decline in any way. In this regard, they are always adjacent to the nouns they define.
