Chemistry is a science that has served people in their daily practical activities since ancient times. This discipline plays a huge role in modern production, without which human civilization could not exist. But she achieved such a high level of development only thanks to the works of famous scientists who devoted their lives to chemistry.
Avogadro: a closed genius
One of the outstanding chemists is Amedeo Avogadro. He was born in Italy, in the family of an official. In 1792 he received a law degree. His father was also a well-known specialist in the field of law. Having started working in the legislative field, Avogadro has been studying physics and mathematics in his spare time. Only in 1820 did he receive the title of professor of physical and mathematical sciences.
Famous chemists of that time note that Avogadro was a very reserved person, so many of his ideas remained incomprehensible to them. Avogadro received recognition in scientific circles after confirming his famous theory, which later became known as Avogadro's law. Avogadro also established the quantitative composition of many chemical elements, created a method for determining molecular weights.
Biography and scientific interests of Boyle
Robert Boyle's achievements also play a significant role in the development of chemistry. He was born on January 25, 1627 in Ireland. As a child, he received home education, and then was sent to the Eton School, specially created for the children of we althy aristocrats. In 1656, Robert Boyle moved to Oxford, where he began to show his interest in physics and chemistry. There, Boyle established friendly relations with young scientists who were fond of science. Together they formed a sort of secret society that would become the Oxford Society of Science.
Famous chemists of that time confirm that Boyle did not like controversy, and even avoided scientific controversy, which often had a humorous character. Boyle formed the concept of the so-called "primary corpuscles" (basic elements) and "secondary corpuscles (complex bodies). In his book, The Skeptical Chemist, Boyle first defines the elements as "primordial bodies that are not composed of each other." In addition to chemistry, Boyle's research was devoted to the fields of optics, acoustics, electricity.
Werner Research
Alfred Werner was born on December 12, 1866 in the family of a turner. After graduating from elementary school, Werner enters a technical school and is fond of chemistry. He begins to put chemical experiments right at home. In addition, the young scientist is interested in literature and even architecture. The chemist Alfred Werner won the Nobel Prize for the so-called coordination theory. In addition, Werner created his own theory of acids and bases,and also proposed his own version of the periodic system of elements. In 1913 he received the Nobel Prize.
Niels Bohr's achievements in chemistry
Famous chemists around the world to this day enjoy the achievements of Niels Bohr, who was mostly known for research in the field of physics. Niels Bohr created the quantum theory of the hydrogen atom. In it, he explained the features of the rotation of electrons and mathematically described the various states of the atom.
Niels Bohr was born on October 7, 1885 in Copenhagen into an intelligent family. Discussions on burning scientific issues were often held in his parents' house. While studying at the University of Copenhagen, Bohr received a medal from the Danish Academy of Sciences. Other well-known chemists - mainly Ernest Rutherford - studied with Bohr the radioactivity of elements and the structure of the atom.
Svante Arrhenius, Swedish chemist
Another outstanding researcher in the field of chemistry is Svante Arrhenius. He was born on February 19, 1859 in Uppsala. In 1876 he entered the university, and six months earlier he received the degree of candidate of philosophical sciences. Since 1881, Arrhenius began studying aqueous solutions of electrolytes at the Stockholm Physics Institute. In 1903, the scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for the authorship of the theory of electrolytic dissociation.
It is known that Arrhenius had a good-natured and cheerful character. At one time he was known not only as a scientist, but also as the author of textbooks and articles on astronomy andmedicine. Chemistry scientists did not recognize his achievements for a long time: for example, his theories were sharply criticized by Mendeleev. Subsequently, it turned out that the views of both researchers form the basis of a new, so-called proton, theory of bases in chemistry.
