The biography of each scientist allows you to better understand his path to great achievements and get acquainted with some interesting facts. In order to have an idea of the path that science is making, it is worth studying in detail at least a few stories about its leading figures.
Most significant figures
In each of the directions it is worth paying attention to the most significant scientist. So, the best British physician was Fleming. The most important inventor from Russia is Popov. Leonardo da Vinci, as a true man of the Renaissance, showed a wide variety of talents. Pascal, Tesla and others are the best mathematicians and physicists, whose contribution is visible in modern life. Which of them is the most famous scientist? Everyone deserves attention equally.
Alexander Fleming
The future inventor of penicillin was born in August 1881 in the small Scottish town of Lochfield. After receiving his secondary education, he went to London and became a student at the Royal Polytechnic Institute. On the advice of a professional physicist and his brother Tom, Alexander decided to pursue science, in 1903 he went to work at St. Mary's Hospital and began a surgical practice. After the war, where he saw many deaths,Fleming set out to find a cure that would deal with infections. Well-known English scientists have already worked on the issue, but no one has been able to achieve significant results. The only thing that was invented was an antiseptic, which only reduces the protective functions of the body. Fleming proved that such treatment is not suitable for the treatment of deep wounds. By 1928, he began to study bacteria from the Staphylococcus family. One day, returning from vacation, Fleming found fungal colonies on the table that affected harmful microorganisms. The scientist decided to grow the mold in its pure form and isolated penicillin from it. Until the forties, he improved its form and soon its production became large-scale and was accepted in hospitals. In 1944, together with a colleague, Flory received a knighthood. The names of famous scientists reached the Nobel Committee, and already in 1945 they received a prize in the field of medicine. The Royal College of Physicians made Fleming an honorary member. Not all famous English scientists can boast of such achievements. Fleming is an outstanding talent and a person worthy of mention in any list of the best doctors in the world.
Gregor Mendel
Many well-known scientists did not receive a thorough education. For example, Gregor Mendel was born in July 1882 into a family of simple peasants and studied at a theological institute. He acquired all his deep knowledge of biology on his own. Soon he began to teach, and then went to the university in Vienna, where he began to study hybrid plants. With the help of many experiments on peasdeveloped the theory of the laws of inheritance. The names of famous scientists were often assigned to their inventions, and Mendel was no exception. The works of Gregor did not interest his contemporaries, he quit his job in the laboratory and became the abbot in the monastery. The revolutionary nature of his discoveries and their deep meaning became noticeable to biologists only at the beginning of the twentieth century, after the death of Gregor Mendel. Famous scientists of Russia and the world use his theories even now. Mendel's principles are taught at a basic level in schools.
Leonardo da Vinci
Few famous scientists are as popular as Leonardo. He was not only an outstanding physicist, but also a creator, his paintings and sculptures delight people all over the world, and his life itself serves as a source of inspiration for works: he is a truly interesting and mysterious person. The greatest figure of the Renaissance was born in April 1452. Since childhood, Leonardo was fond of painting, architecture, sculpture. He was distinguished by impressive knowledge in the field of natural science, physics and mathematics. Many of his works were appreciated only after centuries, and contemporaries often did not pay attention to them. Leonardo was fond of the idea of aircraft, but he failed to realize a working project. In addition, he studied many laws of fluid and hydraulics. Famous scientists are rarely famous as artists either. Leonardo is also a great artist, the author of the famous Mona Lisa and the painting The Last Supper. Numerous manuscripts remained after him. Many foreign and well-known Russian scientists are stilluse the achievements of da Vinci, created by him before 1519, when he died while in France.
Blaise Pascal
This French scientist was born in June 1623 in Clermont-Ferrand, the son of a judge. Pascal's father was known for his love of the sciences. In 1631 the family moved to Paris, where Blaise wrote his first work on the sound of vibrating bodies - this happened when the boy was only 11 years old. Few well-known scientists in Russia and the world can boast of such an early success! Blaise surprised people with his mathematical abilities, he was able to prove that the sum of the angles of a triangle is equal to two straight lines. At 16 he wrote a treatise on a hexagon inscribed in a circle. On its basis, the well-known Pascal's theorem will later be developed. In 1642, Blaise developed a mechanical calculating machine that could carry out addition and subtraction. However, like many other famous scientists and their discoveries, Blaise with his "Pascalina" did not become very famous among his contemporaries. To date, his variations on the theme of calculating machines are kept in the best museums in Europe. In addition, Pascal's contribution to science is invaluable - modern scientists also use his calculations.
Alexander Popov
Many famous Russian scientists have made inventions that are still used by the whole world. These include Alexander Popov, the creator of the radio, who was born in the Urals village in the family of a priest. He received his first education in a theological school, after which he entered the seminary. Having gone to the University of St. Petersburg, Popovfaced financial difficulties, so he had to work in parallel with his studies. Alexander became interested in physics and began teaching it in Kronstadt. From 1901 he served as a professor at the Institute of Electrical Engineering in St. Petersburg, and then became its rector. The main interest of his life remained inventions and experiments. He studied electromagnetic oscillations. In 1895 he introduced the public to the radio. Since 1897 he worked on its improvement. Popov's assistants Rybkin and Troitsky confirmed the possibility of using it to receive signals by ear. Popov made the final modifications and thus created a device that is now in almost every home.
Nikola Tesla
This scientist was born in Austria-Hungary. Like Popov, Tesla was the son of a priest. In 1870 he graduated from the gymnasium and entered the college, where he became interested in electrical engineering. For several years he worked as a teacher at a gymnasium, after which he went to the University of Prague. In parallel, Nikola worked for a telegraph company, and then for Edison. All the years of study he tried to invent an electric motor that runs on alternating current. He moved to the USA, where he did a successful job of improving the machine created by Edison. However, Tesla did not receive any money from him, after which he quit and founded his own laboratory in New York. By the beginning of the twentieth century, Nicol already had several patents - he invented a frequency meter and an electricity meter. In 1915 he was nominated for the Nobel Prize. He never stopped working and made a significant contribution to science, he died in 1943 after an accident - Tesla got hit by a car, andbroken ribs led to too much pneumonia.
Friedrich Schiller
As everyone knows very well, famous scientists can be not only in the field of exact sciences. An excellent example of this is Friedrich Schiller, a historian and philosopher who did a lot for his fields of knowledge and made an invaluable contribution to the literary heritage. He was born in 1759 in the Holy Roman Empire, but already in 1763 he moved with his family to Germany. In 1766 he ended up in Ludwigsburg, where he graduated from the medical faculty. Schiller began to create while still in the process of learning, and in 1781 his first drama saw the light and received such recognition that it was staged in the theater the following year. This play is still considered one of the first and most successful melodramas in Europe. Throughout his life, Schiller created, translated plays from other languages, and also taught history and philosophy at universities.
Abraham Maslow
Abraham Maslow is a confirmation that famous scientists can be not only mathematicians and physicists. Absolutely everyone knows his theory of self-realization. Maslow was born in 1908 in New York. His parents mistreated and humiliated him in every possible way, and his Jewish origin caused anti-Semitic antics from his peers. This developed an inferiority complex in little Abraham, which caused him to hide in the library and spend his days reading books. Later, he gradually began to establish himself in life - first in High School, participating in variousclubs, and then at the Faculty of Psychology, where he received a master's degree in 1931. In 1937, Maslow became a member of the teaching staff of Brooklyn College, where he worked for most of his life. When the war began, Maslow was already unfit for service, but at the same time he learned a lot from this bloody event - it influenced his research in the field of humanitarian psychology. In 1943, Maslow developed his famous Theory of Personal Motivation, in which he stated that each person has a pyramid of needs that must be met in order to fulfill himself. In 1954, he published the book "Motivation and Personality", where he explained his theory in as much detail as possible and developed it.
Albert Einstein
Any discussion on the topic "Famous scientists and their discoveries" will not do without a mention of Albert Einstein, a brilliant physicist who stands at the origins of the modern concept of this science. Einstein was born in Germany in 1879, was always a modest and quiet boy, did not stand out from the rest of the children. And only when he became interested in Kant, Einstein discovered in himself a talent for the exact sciences. This helped him successfully complete the gymnasium, and then the Zurich Polytechnic in Switzerland, where he moved. While still at the technical school, he began to write various articles and other works, to conduct research. Naturally, in the end, this led to a number of discoveries that are known to the whole world - the theory of relativity, the photoelectric effect, Brownian motion, and so on. After a while, Einsteinmoved to the USA, got a job there at Princeton and set himself the goal of working on the theory of a unified gravitational-electromagnetic field.
André-Marie Ampère
The famous scientists of the world who worked in the field of physics are not limited to Einstein. For example, André-Marie Ampère was born in 1775 in France. His father did not want his son to study centrally, so he taught him himself, and books also helped him in this. Ampere was literally brought up on the works of Rousseau, which affected his future work. After the Revolution and the death of his father, Ampère marries and returns to normal. He continued to teach, and in 1802 he became a teacher of mathematics and chemistry in one of the schools. However, at the same time, he was doing research on his well-known theory of probability, because of which he ended up at the Paris Academy and wrote one of his most recognized works - "The Mathematical Theory of Games". In 1809, Ampère received the title of professor, and in 1814 he became a member of the Academy of Sciences. After that, he moved on to research in the field of electrodynamics, and in 1826 he created his most famous work - "Scientific Essay on the Mathematical Theory of Electrodynamic Phenomena".
